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THE  PUPIL'S  WORKBOOK  IN  THE 
GEOGRAPHY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


THIS  IS  MY  BOOK. 


PUPIL'S  NAME 


SCHOOL 


GINN  AND  COMPANY 

BOSTON    •    NEW  YORK        CHICAGO  •    LONDON 
ATLANTA    •    DALLAS    •    COLUMBUS        SAN  FRANCISCO 


THE  FRYE-ATWOOD  GEOGRAPHICAL  SERIES 

New  in  treatment,   new  in  content.     Human  geography  is   the  keynote. 

The  Frye-Atwood  Geographical  Series  provides  a  wealth  of  stimulating  sug- 
gestive problem  material  and  the  full  map  equipment  essential  to  the  freest 
development  of  the  problem  method. 

While  the  co-authors  are  joindy  responsible  for  the  entire  series,  each  has 
taken  one  book  for  his  special  care.  The  result :  Book  Two  is  not  simply  an 
elaboration  of  Book  One  but  approaches  the  subject  from  a  new  angle. 

NEW  GEOGRAPHY,  BOOK  ONE     By  Alexis  Everett  Frye 

A  new,  fresh,  and  original  treatment  of  the  minimum  essentials  of 
geography  that  every  child  must  have  as  a  background  for  his  later  study. 
The  work  is  based  on  human  geography  with  the  story  approach.  There 
are  six  full-page  illustrations  in  color  and  over  five  hundred  and  fifty  illus- 
trations in  black  and  white.  Among  the  latter  are  the  so-called  "  industrial 
motion  pictures."  The  correlation  of  geography  with  history,  government, 
and  nature  study  is  shown  constantly,  and  always  in  a  manner  that  clarifies. 

NEW  GEOGRAPHY,  BOOK  TWO     By  Wallace  W.  Atwood 

The  first  regional  geography  offered  to  American  schools.  This  text- 
book, which  marks  a  new  era  in  the  teaching  of  geography,  is  conspicuous 
for  its  adaptation  to  the  problem  method.  There  are  sixty  colored  maps, 
arranged  in  series  of  five  maps  each,  to  show  the  natural  regions,  economic 
and  commercial  factors,  with  the  political  boundaries,  rainfall,  distribution 
of  population,  and  vegetation  and  relief.  The  value  of  the  six  hundred 
illustrations  is  enhanced  by  the  full  legends,  which  include  questions 
designed  to  stimulate  interest  and  thought. 

Mrs.  Anna  Lockwood,  special  teacher  of  geography,  Rochester,  Minnesota, 
says,  "  Because  of  the  problem-method  approach  these  books  fit  bettet  into 
our  plan  of  teaching  both  world  and  home  geography  than  any  others." 

TEACHING  TOE  NEW  GEOGRAPHY     By  W.  W.  Atwood  and  H.  G.  Thomas 

A  manual  for  the  Frye-Atwood  Series,  containing  a  complete  explanation 
of  regional  geography,  a  helpful  discussion  of  problem-method  teaching,  and 
several  type  problems  worked  out  in  detail.  For  the  convenience  of  the  teacher 
all  the  questions  contained  in  the  geographies  are  answered  in  this  manual 

GINN  AND  COMPANY  :  PUBLISHERS 


mul  Cmni'uriy 


THE  PUPIL'S  WORKBOOK  IN  THE 
GEOGRAPHY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

THE  PROBLEM  METHOD 


BY 
FREDERICK  A.  RICE 

AND 

WILLIAM  G.  PADEN 


GINN  AND  COMPANY 

BOSTON    •    NEW  YORK    •    CHICAGO  •    LONDON 
ATLANTA    •    DALLAS    ■    COLUMBUS    ■    SAN  FRANCISCO 


S  0  2  2  H 


TO  THE  TEACHER 

The  New  Geography.  During  recent  years  a  great  revolution  has  taken  place  in  the  teaching  of 
geography.  We  no  longer  stress  merely  the  locational,  the  political,  the  physical,  or  the  economic  and 
commercial  phases  of  the  subject  fur  their  own  sake.  Instead  we  aim  to  teach  all  the  facts  of  geography 
incction  with  the  ways  in  which  they  affect  human  life. 

Problem  Study.  With  the  change  in  the  viewpoint  has  come  a  great  change  in  method.  Instead  of 
striving  to  teach  children  to  memorize  a  great  mass  of  facts,  we  endeavor  to  interest  them  and  to  promote 
the  study  by  presenting  worth-while  problems  to  be  solved.  This  has  led  to  the  socialized  recitation,  in 
which  teachers  and  students  work  out  the  problems  together,  and  to  the  introduction  of  the  project  method 
of  teaching.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  make  a  project  textbook,  but  the  problems  given  in  this  book  will 
suggest  many  projects  which  can  be  worked  out  by  students  in  the  classroom  and  at  home. 

The  Importance  of  California  Geography.  No  other  state  is  as  varied  as  California  in  its  geography, 
and  in  no  other  state  can  so  many  interesting  geographical  problems  be  found.  In  this  book  we  have 
tried  to  interest  children,  to  give  them  an  understanding  of  California's  wonderful  resources  and  their 
uses,  and  to  provide  a  basis  for  comparing  California  with  other  areas. 

A  great  wealth  of  helpful  material  is  available  to  the  teacher  of  California  geography.  Some  of  the 
most  useful  sources  of  information  are  the  following: 

Bureau  of  the  Census  bulletins  and  reports  on  agriculture,  irrigation,  manufacturing,  etc.    These  can  be  obtained 

from  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce,  Washington,  D.C. 
Statistical  Report  of  the  California  Board  of  Agriculture,  Sacramento. 
Reports  of  the  California  Development  Association  (Ferry  Building,  San  Francisco),  particularly  "  California  Resources 

and  Possibilities."    The  Monthly  Bulletin  of  this  association  is  invaluable.    Subscription,  50  cents  per  year. 

The  Marshall  Plan,  California  State  Irrigation  Association,  Sacramento. 

United  States  Weather  Bureau  reports,  Merchants  Exchange  Building,  San  Francisco. 

Reports  of  the  State  Bureau  of  Mining  (Ferry  Building,  San  Francisco),  State  Highway  Commission,  State  Board 

of  Forestry,  State  Fish  and  Game  Commission,  State  Commissioner  of  Immigration,  State  Land  Settlement 

and  Housing  Board,  and  State  Harbor  Commission. 

Pamphlets  issued  by  the  water,  gas,  and  electric  companies,  and  the  power  companies ;  railroad  folders ;  promotion 
booklets  published  by  city  and  county  chambers,  of  commerce ;  market  reports,  shipping  news,  and  weather 
reports  in  the  daily  papers. 

Every  class  studying  California  geography  should  have  a  good  wall  map  of  the  state.  The  State 
Highway  Commission  publishes  an  excellent  one. 

Pupils  should  be  encouraged  to  bring  to  class  newspaper  and  magazine  articles  regarding  California 
climate,  products,  industries,  and  exports  and  imports,  and  other  topics  of  interest  to  the  geography  class. 

In  addition  we  recommend  the  following  books  as'useful  for  supplementary  work : 

Fisher.    Resources  and  Industries  of  the  United  States  Keller  and  Bishop.    Commercial  and  Industrial  Geog- 

Allen.    Geographical  and  Industrial  Studies :  raphy 

United   States  Fryk-Atwood.    New  Geography,  Books  One  and  Two 

North  America  Branom.    The  Teaching  of  Geography 

Bishop  and  Keller.    Industry  and  Trade  Atwood  and  Thomas.    Teaching  the  New  Geography 

The  compilers  of  this  book  will  gladly  answer  questions  that  may  arise  in  connection  with  its  use  in 
any  school.    They  may  be  addressed  in  care  of  Ginn  and  Company,  20  Second  Street,  San  Francisco. 

THE  AUTHORS 


325.1        CurYKIGHT,  1922,  BY  GINN  AND  COMPANY.       ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED 


c. 


TO  THE  BOYS  AND  GIRLS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Geography  is  easy  and  interesting  if  we  study  it  in  the  right  way.    It  tells  us  all  about  the  things 
.    that  people  do  and  why  they  do  them.    It  never  grows  tiresome,  because  we  find  that  the  climate,  the 
occupations,  the  products,  and  even  the  sports  and  games  are  different  in  different  regions. 

One  of  the  surest  ways  to  understand  how  geography  affects  the  lives  of  people  is  to  study  carefully 
the  geography  of  your  own  home  and  state.  The  surface  features,  climate,  and  natural  resources  of 
California  are  more  varied  than  those  of  any  other  state  in  the  Union.  The  more  clearly  you  understand 
their  effect  on  the  life  of  the  people,  the  better  you  will  understand  the  geography  of  the  world. 

California  is  not  only  a  pleasant  place  in  which  to  live,  but  it  is  a  state  of  great  opportunities.  It  is 
still  growing  rapidly.  New  lands  must  be  opened  up  for  cultivation.  More  industries  must  be  started  to 
take  care  of  the  needs  of  the  people  who  live  here,  and  our  trade  with  other  states  and  with  foreign  coun- 
tries  must  be  increased.  There  will  always  be  interesting  work  for  those  of  us  who  live  in  California. 
^The  more  we  know  about  our  state,  the  better  we  shall  be  able  to  enjoy  it  and  to  take  advantage  of  the 
opportunities  it  offers. 

Do  not  try  to  remember  the  figures  given  in  this  book.    They  are  put  here  simply  to  help  you  solve 

your  problems.    The  figures  change  from  year  to  year,  and  even  the  products  in  the  different  regions 

change.    Parts  of  California,  for  example,  that  once  grew  almost  nothing  but  wheat  now  grow  very  little 

j     wheat,  or  none  at  all,  but  are  given  over  to  fruit  ranches.    The  geographic  conditions  back  of  all  the 

products  and  occupations,  however,  remain  the  same. 

We  place  this  little  book  in  your  hands  with  the  hope  that  its  lessons  may  spur  you  on  to  make  further 
search  into  the  possibilities  of  this,  our  Golden  State. 
^  THE   AUTHORS 


- 


CONTENTS 

PAGB 

Where  in'  the  World  b  California? 5 

6 

Tin    Natural  Regions  "i   California 8 

A  Bird's-eye  View  "i   California io 

'I'm.  Rainfall  of  California    .     .         12 

Rainfali    Map  '>i   California    ....         13 

The  Sunshine  State 14 

'I'm    Coming  of   mi:  White  Man 15 

The  Spanish  Missions 16 

How  Many  Californians  are  there? 18 

Where  we  live  in  California       20 

Population  Map  ok  California 21 

Wati  r  i-  Wi  u  III 22 

V  Land  of  Interest  and  Variety 25 

The  Richest  Agricultural  Di                 i    mi    l  sited  States  are  in  California 26 

California  Fruit  is  Famous 28 

The  Golden  Crop  of  Today 30 

California's  Bean  Production 32 

California  Farm  Products  listed  by  <  !oi  nties 34 

Problems  on  California  Farm  Products  listed  by  Counties 35 

Talking  in    Millions 36 

California  raise  Much   Barley,  Hay,  and  Rice? 38 

California  leads  in  raising  Peaches,  Pears,  Plums,  and  Prunes 39 

The  "Netherlands"  of  our  State       40 

l'i  IMWORK   in  California 41 

Live  Stxm  k  on  Farms  and  Ranges 42 

The  Farm  Animals  <>f  California 43 

The  Dairy  Products  of  California 44 

ornia's  Lumber 46 

How   Important  are  the  Minerals  of  California?        49 

Where  are  our  Minerals  found? 50 

Petroleum,  our  Leading  Mineral  Product 52 

California  the  Golden 54 

The  "White  Coal"  of  California 55 

I     California  a  Great  Manufacturing  State? 56 

California  leads  in  canning  and  preserving  Fruits  and  Vegetables •     •  57 

Railroad  Trips  in  California 58 

Motor  Trips 60 

The  Playground  of  the  Nation 62 

Tin    Great  Cities  of  California 65 

San   Francisco  and  the  Metropolitan  District  around  San  Francisco  Bay 66 

Map  of  the  San   Francisco  Bay  Region 67 

Los  Angeles,  the  Largest  City  in  the  West 68 

Map  of  Los  Angeles  County 69 

School  Days  in  California 70 

Our  Ocean  and  its  Trade  Routes 72 

The   Foreign  Trade  of  California 73 

The  Future  of  California 74 

The  I              -  of  California 75 

What  I   know  about  my  County 76 

A  Map  of  County 77 

Areas,   Population,  and  County  Seats  of  California  Counties 78 

Incorporated  Places  having  2500  or  More   I'm  hie  in   1920 79 

Population  of  California  from   1890  to  J920 79 

Population  and  Area  of  Each  State  in   the  United  States 80 

Population  of  the  One  Hundred  Largest  Cities  in  the  United  States  in  1920 -80 


THE  PUPIL'S  WORKBOOK  IN  THE  GEOGRAPHY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

WHERE  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  CALIFORNIA? 

(Refer  to  maps  of  California,  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  world) 

1.  Only  three  states  of  the  United  States  touch  the  Pacific  Ocean.    They  are 


and j The  largest 


of  these  three  states  is  1 California  may  be  said  to  be  in  the 

La _ — ! part  of  the  United  States.    It  is  in  the  continent  of  


and  in  the  zone. 


2.  California  is  , of  the  equator  and  is  therefore  in  — latitude.    The 

southernmost  point  of  California  is  about  ^  degrees  north  latitude.    On  the  map  on  page  7  draw 

•a  parallel  through  this  point  and  place  the  correct  number  on  it.    Use  a  colored  pencil.    The  parallel  of 

degrees   north  latitude  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  California.    Draw  this  parallel  with  a 

colored  pencil  and  number  it.    The  parallel  of degrees  north  latitude  lies  nearest  the  middle  of 

California.    On  a  map  of  the  United  States  find  this  parallel  and  trace  it  with  your  finger.    All  points 
on  this  line  lie  due  east  from  central  California. 

3.  Since  California  is  west  of  the  prime  meridian,  it  is  in  1 longitude.    The  easternmost 

point  of  California  is  about  degrees  west  longitude.    Draw  a  meridian  through  this  point  on 

your  map  and  number  it.    The  westernmost  point  of  California  (Cape )  is 

about  , degrees  west  longitude.    This  is  also  the  westernmost  point  of  the  United  States.    Draw 

a  meridian  through  this  point  on  your  map  and  number  it. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  On  your  map  find  the  line  that  represents  the  39th  degree  of  north  latitude.    Locate  the  point 
where  this  parallel  crosses  the  120th  meridian  of  west  longitude.    What  lake  may  be  said  to  be  located 

in  longitude  1 200  West  and  latitude  390  North  ? Of  what  use 

are  parallels  and  meridians  ?    Find  the  approximate  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  following  places : 

Los  Angeles San  Francisco 

San  Diego _ Eureka 

2.  On  the  map  on  page  7,  color  the  county  in  which  you  live.    Trace  with  colored  pencil  the  meridian 

and  parallel  which  pass  through  or  near  your  county.    I  live  in  

County,  about  degrees  north  latitude  and  about  degrees  west  longitude. 


MEASURING  CALIFORNIA 

HOW   LONG   IS  CALIFORNIA? 

lifomia  lies  between  the  parallels  of  and  north  latitude.  There- 
fore it  extends  through  about degrees  of  latitude.    A  degree  of  latitude  is  about  70  miles ;  hence, 

according  to  this  method  of  measuring,  California  is  about miles  long.  On  the  map  on  the  oppo- 
site page  draw  a  straight  line  connecting  the  extreme  northwestern  point  of  Del  Norte  County  with  the 
extreme  southeastern  point  of  Imperial  County  and  measure  the  distance  between  them  by  using  a  ruler 

and  the  scale  of  miles.    In  this  way  you  will  find  that  the  true  length  of  California  is  about miles. 

Mark  this  length  on  the  line  you  have  drawn.  Why  do  you  not  get  the  same  figures  by  both  methods  of 
measuring  ?    Look  at  the  state  of  Arizona.    Does  the  same  thing  hold  true  for  that  state  ? 

Traveling  by  automobile  at  the  rate  of  25  miles  per  hour,  it  would  take  about hours  to  motor 

the  length  of  California.    Driving  eight  hours  a  day,  it  would  take  days  and  hours  to 

make  the  trip. 

What  city  in  South  Carolina  is  due  east  of  San  Diego  ?     Starting 

from  this  city  and  following  the  Atlantic  coast  line  northward,  how  many  states  must  you  pass  through 

before  arriving  at  a  point  due  east  of  the  northern  boundary  of  California  ?    In  what 

state  is  this  point  ? 

HOW  WIDE  IS  CALIFORNIA? 

California  is  widest  between  Point and  the  point  where  the  meridian 

of  1 1 7  degrees  west  longitude  crosses  the  California-Nevada  boundary.  On  your  map  draw  a  line  con- 
necting these  two  points  and  measure  the  distance  between  them.    It  is miles.    Write  the  distance 

on  the  line  you  have  drawn.  Estimate  the  distance  between  Lake  Tahoe  and  San  Francisco.  It  is  about 
miles.    Can  an  automobile  make  this  trip  in  one  day  ?    

WHAT  IS  THE  AREA  OF  CALIFORNIA? 

The  average  width  of  California  is  about  200  miles.    I  found  the  length  to  be  miles.    By 

these  two  figures  I  find  the  area  of  California  to  be square 


miles.    Turn  to  page  80  of  this  book  or  to  the  appendix  in  any  geography  and  you  will  find  the  area  in 

square  miles  of  each  state.    How  does  your  figure  compare  with  that  given  for  California  ?  

How  does  California  rank  in  size  with  the  other  states  ?   

Add  the  areas  of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  and  Ohio. 
Their  total  area  is square  miles.    How  does  this  area  compare  with  that  of  California  ? 


CALIFORNIA 


SCALE  OF  MILES 
0         20        40        60        80       100 


THE  NATURAL  REGIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

We  shall  find  the  geography  of  California  far  more  interesting  and  much  easier  to  understand  if  we 
learn  the  natural  regions  into  which  the  state  is  divided.  In  each  natural  region  the  surface  features, 
climate,  and  natural  resources  lead  the  people  to  engage  in  certain  occupations. 

A  study  of  the  colored  map  in  the  front  of  this  book  will  enable  you  to  answer  the  following  questions : 

1.   What  arc  tin-  four  mountain  regions  of  California? 


2.  In  what  region  is  Mt.  Whitney  ? 


3.  What  mountain  regions  do  the  Tehachapi  Mountains  con  m- it  ? 


4.  Where  is  the  most  extensive  valley  lowland  in  California  ? 


5.  What  two  river  valleys  form  this  great  lowland  ? 


6.   Name  six  other  important  valleys  in  California. 


7.   In  what  part  of  California  is  the  Volcanic  Region  ? 


What  active  volcano  is  located  in  this  region  ? 


8.  What  parts  of  California  belong  to  the  Great  Basin  ? 


9.  What  large  city  lies  in  a  lowland  region  of  southern  California  ? 


10.  What  body  of  water  lies  in  another  lowland  of, southern  California? 


11.  Below  is  a  list  of  lakes  and  mountain  peaks.    After  each  one  write  the  name  of  the  natural  region 
in  which  it  is  located. 

Honey  Lake  Mt  Shasta  . 

Lake  Tahoe    Mt.  Hamilton . 

Mono  Lake    Mt  Lyell  

Owens  Lake  Mt  Tyndall  . 

Tulare  Lake San  Bernardino  Mt.  

8  R 


THE  NATURAL  REGIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA  (Continued) 

In  the  space  below  is  a  list  of  the  seven  major  natural  regions  of  California.  After  the  name  of  each 
region  write  the  names  of  the  counties  that  extend  into  it.  Refer  to  the  map  in  the  front  of  this  book. 
If  a  county  extends  into  more  than  one  region,  write  its  name  after  each  region  of  which  it  has  a  part. 

The  Sierra  Nevada 


The  Valley  of  California  (Sacramento  Valley  and  San  Joaquin  Valley) 


The  Klamath  Mountains 


The  Volcanic  Region 


The  Middle  Coast  Ranges 


The  Southern  Coast  Ranges 


The  Great  Basin 


A  BIRD'S-EYE  VIEW  OF  CALIFORNIA 

1.  You  will  need  good  warm  clothes  for  this  trip,  for  we  are  going  to  travel  at  the  rate  of  about  one 
hundred  miles  an  hour  at  an  elevation  of  from  3000  to  8000  feet,  lie  sure  you  have  your  map  and  a 
good  colored  pencil,  because  you  will  want  to  trace  your  route  and  enter  notes  as  you  dash  along. 

2.  Embarking  at  North  Island,  San  Diego,  we  circle  until  we  get  our  elevation,  then  strike  due  east 

to  the  River,  which  forms  the  boundary  between  California  and  

At  this  point  we  turn  northwest,  passing  over  the  Desert  and  the 

Desert,   both   of    which    lie    in   the 


region.    To  our  left  we  can  see  the  valley  of  the River,  a  part  of  the 

great   region.     Between    the    37th    and    38th    parallels    and   the    119th 

and   1 20th  meridians  we  pass  over  the  Valley,  famous  for  its  wonder- 
ful    and At  the  junction  of  the  39th 

parallel  and  the    120th   meridian   we   drop  down  to  about  2000  feet   in  order  to  get  a   better   view  of 

beautiful  Lake famed  the  world  over  for  its 

There  is  a  landing  field  at  Alturas  in  County,  where  we  decide  to  spend  the  night. 

An   examination   of  our  map  shows  us    that  we  are   in   the    Region. 

Turning  due  west  the  next  morning,  we  pass  over  County  and  the 

Mountains,  and  then  fly  over ,  the 

northernmost  coast  city  in  the  state.    At  this  point  we  turn  southeast  and  are  soon  traveling  parallel  to 

the  Ranges.    The  broad  Ocean  is  to  our  right 

and  the  great  valley  of  the  River  to  our  left.    We  pause  for  a  moment  to 

replenish  our  fuel  tank  near  the  greatest  port  in  the  state, . 

Following  the  coast  line,  we  fly  for  hours  over  the  Ranges,  turning 

a   little    more    to   the   east   after   leaving At  Ventura 

we  leave  the  coast  and  travel  inland,  and  almost  immediately  find  ourselves  high  above  the  largest  city 

in   the   West, Just  a  little  over  an  hour  later  we  are  again 

pointing  the  nose  of  our  ship  toward  mother  earth,  and  with  a  swoop  we  are  back  at  North  Island,  none 
the  worse  for  wear,  but  tired  and  hungry. 

3.  On  your  map  mark  out  the  entire  route  followed.    (Use  a  colored  pencil.) 

4.  Estimate  the  mileage  traveled.    About miles. 

5.  Airplanes  are  being  used  by  the  government  to  assist  in  the  prevention  of  forest  fires.  Name 
another  purpose  for  which  airplanes  are  used  by  the  government. 

6.  Among  the  government  aviation  fields  are  the  one  at  the  Presidio  in  San  Francisco,  Mather  Field 
near  Sacramento,  March  Field  in  Riverside  County,  and  North  Island  at  San  Diego.  Many  California 
cities  have  provided  landing  fields  for  airplanes. 


CALIFORNIA 


THE  RAINFALL  OF  CALIFORNIA 

The  map  on  the  opposite  page  shows  the  average  annual  rainfall  throughout  the  state  of  California. 
Study  the  map  carefully,  comparing  it  with  the  regional  map  in  the  front  of  the  book,  and  answer  the 
questions  on  this  page. 

1.   What  natural  regions  have  the  heaviest  rainfall?     


2.  What  natural  region  has  the  least  rainfall  ? 
Why  ?     


3.  What  effect  have  the  Klamath  Mountains  and  the  Coast  Ranges  on  the  rainfall  of  the  state? 


4.  What  effect  has  the  Sierra  Nevada  on  the  rainfall  ? 


5.  Why  is  there  a  dry  climate  in  southern  California? 


6.  What  regions  have  the  densest  forests? 
Why?    


7.   Successful  agriculture  is  ordinarily  impossible  where  the  average  rainfall  is  less  than  twenty  inches 
a  year.    What  important  regions  in  California  lack  the  necessary  rainfall  for  agriculture  ?   


8.  What  has  made  successful  farming  possible  in  these  regions  ? 

9.  During  what  months  does  the  rainy  season  come  ?   


10.  During  what  months  is  there  little  or  no  rainfall  throughout  most  of  California  ? 


11.  What  is  the  average  annual  rainfall  in  your  region  ?   inches.    What  is  the  total  rainfall 

so  far  this  season  ?   Date ;  inches.   What  was  the  rainfall  up 

to  this  date  last  season  ?   inches.   (This  information  is  published  daily  in  most  of  the  California 

newspapers.) 

12.  Compare  the  rainfall  map  with  the  population  map  on  page  21.    Are  the  most  densely  populated 
regions  those  with  the  heaviest  or  the  least  rainfall  ? 


r3 


THE  SUNSHINE  STATE 
CALIFORNIA'S  GREATEST  ASSET  IS  ITS  CLIMATE 

Abundant  sunshine  is  one  of  the  great  advantages  enjoyed  by  Californians.  California  and  the  other 
states  of  the  southwest  have  more  sunshine  than  any  other  part  of  North  America.  In  the  interior  valleys 
the  sun  shines  every  day  in  summer,  and  in  southern  California  nearly  every  day  in  the  year  has  some 
sunshine.  It  has  been  said  that  "  California  owes  much  of  the  prosperity  of  her  people  and  the  richness 
of  her  agricultural  resources  to  the  sunshine  she  so  generously  receives  at  all  seasons  of  the  year."  The 
climate  varies  greatly  in  the  different  regions  of  the  state,  but  in  most  of  them  the  temperatures  are 
moderate  and  the  weather  delightful  during  a  large  portion  of  the  year.  We  do  not  suffer  here  from  the 
inconveniences  found  in  places  where  the  climate  is  severe.  Even  in  the  hottest  parts  of  the  valleys  during 
midsummer  the  dry  air  makes  it  possible  to  endure  the  heat  without  suffering.  In  no  region  do  the  people 
suffer  from  severe  cold,  for  it  occurs  only  on  the  tops  of  the  highest  mountains. 

PROBLEMS 
1.   Give  three  reasons  why  so  many  people  come  to  California  to  enjoy  the  climate. 


2.   Mow  does  sunshine  help  the  farmer  ? 


3.  Why   can   people  live  outdoors  more  in  California  than  they  can  in   New  York  or  Minnesota? 


4.  Why  is  the  California  climate  more  healthful  than  the  climate  of  many  other  states? 


5.   How  does  the  California  climate  help  the  grower  of  raisins,  prunes,  and  other  fruits  that  are  to  be 
dried  ?    


6.  What  great  business  is  located  in  southern  California  because  of  the  abundant  sunshine  there  ? 

7.  Name  two  regions  in  California  where  you  would  be  sure  to  find  the  winter  weather  mild  and 
pleasant.    . — 

8.  Name  two  regions  in  California  where  you  would  be  sure  to  find  cool,  bracing  weather  in  summer. 


14 


THE  COMING  OF  THE  WHITE  MAN 

SOCIALIZED  RECITATION 

In  the  year  1542,  just  fifty  years  after  the  discovery  of  America,  Juan  Cabrillo,  sailing  under  the  flag 
of  Spain,  discovered  California.  He  worked  up  the  coast  to  a  point  a  little  above  San  Francisco  Bay, 
but  failed  to  discover  that  wonderful  port.  It  was  not  until  1579  that  California  was  again  visited, —  this 
time  by  an  English  seaman,  Francis  Drake.  He  had  been  engaged  in  robbing  Spanish  treasure  ships 
bound  for  Mexico  from  the  Philippines,  and  had  to  put  in  for  repairs.  He  landed  at  a  point  now  called 
Drakes  Bay  and  claimed  the  country  for  England. 

In  1602,  five  years  before  the  settlement  of  Jamestown  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  California  was  visited 
by  Sebastian  Viscaino,  a  Spaniard,  who  was  seeking  harbors  where  the  merchant  ships  from  the  Philippines 
might  rest  and  hide  from  pirates.  For  the  next  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  California  seems  to  have 
been  forgotten. 

At  last,  however,  the  governor  of  New  Spain  decided  to  send  an  expedition  into  California  for  the 
purpose  of  settling  it  and  thereby  making  it  a  part  of  New  Spain.  In  1769,  just  six  years  before  the 
Revolutionary  War,  Portola,  with  a  little  band  of  followers,  reached  what  is  now  San  Diego.  With 
the  expedition  was  a  famous  Catholic  priest,  Father  Junipero  Serra.  This  expedition  cleared  the  way  for 
the  settling  of  California  and  the  founding  of  the  missions. 

The  next  seventy-five  years  are  sometimes  referred  to  as  "  the  romantic  days  of  Spanish  California." 
This  was  the  period  of  the  great  ranchos.  The  people  lived  a  happy,  care-free  life.  Their  principal  amuse- 
ments were  horse-racing,  dancing,  and  bull-fighting.  Even  the  rodeo,  when  thousands  of  cattle  were 
gathered  to  be  separated  and  branded,  was  made  an  occasion  for  a  celebration. 

As  early  as  1826  there  were  people  from  the  United  States  in  California,  and  by  1840  the  United 
States  was  casting  longing  eyes  toward  this  wonderful  country.  In  1846  the  United  States  declared  war 
upon  Mexico.  In  the  same  year  California  was  captured  by  United  States  soldiers  under  the  leadership 
of  John  Fremont,  and  the  Stars  and  Stripes  were  raised,  never  to  be  taken  down. 

The  real  migration  from  the  East  to  California  came  with  the  spreading  of  the  news  of  the  discovery 
of  gold  in  1848.  Thousands  of  people  left  their  homes  and  hurried  to  the  gold  fields.  Many  came  by 
boat  around  Cape  Horn  ;  others  landed  on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  traveled  overland  to  the  Pacific,  and 
then  went  by  boat  to  San  Francisco.  The  great  mass,  however,  came  overland  by  wagon,  a  distance  of 
between  two  and  three  thousand  miles. 

During  the  years  of  1849  and  1850  over  100,000  people  came  from  other  countries.  California  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state  on  September  9,  1850.  That  is  why  we  celebrate  September  9  as 
Admission  Day. 

Men  soon  began  to  realize  that  California  had  greater  wealth  in  her  soils  and  climate  than  in  her 
mines.  Quicker  communication  with  the  East  was  needed.  For  a  while  fast  overland  stages  made  regular 
trips  between  the  East  and  the  West,  but  at  best  this  was  a  slow  and  uncertain  method  of  travel.  The 
demand  for  a  railroad  was  so  strong  that  in  1863  four  of  California's  leading  citizens,  assisted  by  the 
United  States  government,  started  to  build  one.  In  1869  the  dream  was  realized,  the  West  and  the  East 
were  joined  with  ribbons  of  steel.    With  the  completion  of  the  railroad  dawned  a  new  era  for  California. 

Dating  from  the  period  of  the  establishment  of  the  missions,  California  has  passed  through  distinct 
stages  of  industrial  development.  Each  stage  was  marked  by  the  advent  of  some  new  industry  which 
overshadowed  but  did  not  entirely  displace  its  predecessors.  Cattle  ranching  came  first,  followed  by  mining. 
Next  came  the  days  of  the  great  grain  ranches.  These,  in  turn,  have  given  way  to  the  comparatively 
small  farms,  producing  fruit,  dairy  products,  and  many  other  crops.  Today  trade  and  commerce,  in 
addition  to  mining  and  farming,  are  leading  industries  of  the  state. 

In  the  last  few  years  large  numbers  of  people  from  other  parts  of  the  country,  and  especially  from  the 
states  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  have  come  to  live  in  California. 


THE  SPANISH  MISSIONS 

Although  Spain  had  claimed  the  territory  of  California  for  more  than  two  hundred  years,  it  was  not 
until  1769  that  any  attempt  was  made  to  colonize  this  far-western  land.  Colonists  were  sent  to  found  towns 
and  to  begin  the  raising  of  cattle ;  priests  to  establish  missions  for  the  purpose  of  civilizing  and  Christian- 
izing the  thousands  of  Indians ;  soldiers  to  protect  the  proposed  missions  and  towns  and  to  build  forts  and 
presidios  in  order  that  California  might  be  more  easily  held  for  Spain. 

Two  towns,  or  pueblos,  were  established,  —  San  Jose  and  Los  Angeles.  Refer  to  the  map  in  the 
front  of  this  book,  and  on  the  map  opposite  indicate  the  location  of  each  of  these  towns  by  means  of 
a  circle  (O). 

Four  forts,  or  presidios,  were  established,  —  San  Francisco,  Monterey,  Santa  Barbara,  and  San  Diego. 
Indicate  the  location  of  each  presidio  by  means  of  a  square  (□). 

Under  the  leadership  of  Father  Junipero  Serra  and  his  successors  twenty-one  missions  were  established, 

occupying  the  entire  coast  line  from  San  Diego  to  Sonoma.    On  the   map  opposite  indicate  the  location 

of  each  mission  by  a  cross  (-J-).    In  the  blanks  below  write  the  names  of  the  counties  in  which  the  missions 

are  located. 

Note.  The  San  Carlos  Borromeo  mission  was  founded  at  Monterey,  but  a  year  later  was  moved  to  Carmcl.  The  church  at 
Monterey  dates  back  to  mission  times,  but  it  is  not  properly  called  a  mission. 

Mission  County  Mission  County 

San  Diego  de  Alcala  La  Purisima  Concepcion  

San  Carlos  de  Borromeo  Santa  Cruz  

(Carmel)  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Soledad 

San  Antonio  de  Padua  San  Jose  

San  Gabriel  Arcangel  San  Juan  Bautista  

San  Luis  Obispo  de  Tolosa  San  Miguel 

San  Francisco  d'Assisi  San  Fernando  Rey  de  Espana 

San  Juan  Capistrano  San  Luis  Rey  de  Francia         

Santa  Clara Santa  Ynez  


San  Buenaventura  San  Rafael  Arcangel 

Santa  Barbara  San  Francisco  de  Solano 

FOLLOW-UP  PROBLEMS 
1.  What  was  the  road  called  that  connected  the  missions?    


2.  How  far  apart  were  the  missions  planned  to  be  ?    

3.  What  three  things  did  the  fathers  look  for  when  selecting  the  site  for  a  mission  ? 


4.  At  the  time  of  the  founding  of  the  missions  California  was  inhabited  by  thousands  of  Indians. 
What  evidence  is  there  of  early  Indian  occupation  in  your  county?    

16  R 


i7 


HOW  MANY  CALIFORNIANS  ARE  THERE? 

1.   In  1900  the  population  of  California  was ;  in  1910  it  was 

;   in   1 9 jo  it  was The  increase  from 


1900  to  1910  was ,  and  from  1910  to  1920  it  was  

In  which  period  of  ten  years  was  the  increase  greater?    From to 


2.  California  ranked  twenty-first  in  population  among  the  states  in  1900,  twelfth  in  1910,  and  eighth 
in   1920.    The  seven  that  now  have  larger  populations  than  California  are , 


,  and 


All  these  states  except   lie  east  of   the    Mississippi  River.     California  has  the 

largest  population  of  all  the  states  lying  west  of  the  Mountains. 

3.  On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  mark  with  a  plus  sign  (  +  )  each  California  county  in  which 
the  population  has  increased  since  19 10.  Mark  with  a  minus  sign  (  — )  each  county  that  shows  a  decrease 
in  population  since  19 10.    How  many  counties  have  lost  in  population  since  19 10?   

4.  Compare  this  map  with  the  regional  map  in  the  front  of  this  book.     In  what  natural  region  does 

there  seem  to  be  the  greatest  decrease  in  population  ?    

In  what  natural  regions  does  the  population  seem  to  be  increasing  most  rapidly?   


5.   In  the  spaces  below  write  the  names  of  the  four  counties   in   which   the  population   shows  the 
greatest  growth  since   1910,  and  opposite  each  give  at  least  one  reason  for  the  increase. 


6.  In  general,  in  what  direction  does  the  population  seem  to  be  shifting  in  California  ? 


7.  Give  three  reasons  why  California's  population  is  increasing  more  rapidly  than  that  of  other  states. 


8.   Has  your  own  county  gained  or  lost  in  population  since   1910? 
Explain  briefly  why  this  is  so.    


18 


115° 


123" 


121° 


>9 


WHERE  WE  LIVE  IN  CALIFORNIA 

The  map  on  the  opposite  page  shows  the  distribution  of  people  in  California.  You  will  need  to  study 
it  carefully,  comparing  it  with  the  regional  map  in  the  front  of  the  book  and  with  the  rainfall  map  on 
page  13,  in  order  to  work  out  the  following  problems: 

1.    In  what  natural  regions  of  California  is  the  population  densest? 


2.   What  natural  regions  have  the  fewest  people  per  square  mile? 


3.   What  valleys  of  northern  California  are  most  densely  populated  ? 


4.   Study  the  locations  of  the  areas  in  which  the  density  of  population  is  40  or  more  persons  per 
square  mile.     In  general,  do  these  areas  lie  in  regions  when'  the  rainfall  is  light  or  where  it  is  heavy  ? 

Do    these    areas    contain    more    lowland    country 

or   more    mountainous  country  ? 


5.   Around  what  cities  do  the  areas  having  over  100  persons  per  square  mile  center? 


-,  and on  San  Francisco  Bay ; 

in  the  Santa  Clara  valley ; in  the 


Sacramento  valley; and  in  the  San  Joaquin 

valley;  and in  southern  California. 

6.  Give  two  reasons  why  the  Great  Basin  and  the  Volcanic  Region  have  so  few  people. 


7.    Why  is   the   population    of   California   so  unevenly  distributed  ? 

8.  Do  the   people   tend   to   gather  in   greatest   numbers   in   the   highland   or  the   lowland   regions? 

;    in  the  areas  of  light 

or  heavy  rainfall  ? 

9.  In  what  natural  regions  do  you  think  the  population  likely  to  increase  in  the  future  ?    


10.   Sixty-eight  per  cent  of  the  people  of  California  live  in  cities.     How  does  the  growth  of  cities  affect 
the  development  of  manufacturing  ?    . 


WATER  IS  WEALTH 

IRRIGATION    WATER    IS    11  IK    LIFEBLOOD  OF  THE  STATE 

Irrigation  means  the  turning  of  water  from  a  stream,  spring,  or  well  onto  the  soil  for  the  purpose  of 
promoting  plant  life. 

The  richest  soil  in  California  lies  in  the  regions  that  receive  little  rainfall.  Fortunately,  however,  many 
parts  of  these  regions  can  be  irrigated  by  using  the  water  of  streams  that  rise  in  the  regions  of  heavy 
rainfall  and  snowfall. 

Study  the  regional  map  in  the  front  of  this  book,  and  the  rainfall  map  on  page  13,  and  in  the  spaces 
below  write  the  names  of  three  regions  where  you  would  expect  to  find  the  farmers  depending  upon 
irrigation  in  order  to  raise  their  crops. 


1. 
2. 
3- 


with  water  from 
with  water  from 
with  water  from 


Following  is  a  list  of  most  of  the  irrigation  districts  in  California.     Many  new  irrigation  districts  are 
being  organized. 


Name  of  Disti 

Alpaugh      

Alta 

Anderson-Cottonwood  . 
Baxter-Creek  .  .  .  . 
Big  Rock  Creek  .     .     . 

Blackrock    

Browns  Valley 

Cardiff 

Carmichael 

Fairoaks 

Happy  Valley  .... 
Honey  Lake  Valley  .     . 

Imperial 

Jacinto 

La  Mesa,  Lemon  Grove, 

and  Spring  Valley 
Lindsay-Strathmore  . 
Little  Rock  Creek     .     . 
Long  Valley  Creek    . 

Madera 

Maxwell 

Modesto 

Mojave  River  .... 


County 


Tulare  . 
Tulare-Fresno 
Shasta  .     . 
Lassen .     . 
Los  Angeles 
Inyo     .     . 
Yuba    .     . 
San  Diego 
Sacramento 
Sacramento 
Tehama     . 
Lassen .     . 
Imperial     . 
Glenn   .     . 

San  Diego 
Tulare  .     . 
Los  Angeles 
Lassen  . 
Madera 
Colusa  . 
Stanislaus . 
San  Bernardino 


Area  in 


7,576 

130,000 

32,500 

I  [,000 

30,000 

1,210 

44,328 

700 

3, "3 

4,000 

18,300 

33.'5° 

576,600 

19,660 

'4,794 
15,775 

3,000 

34,000 

350.000 

8,000 
81,183 
27,665 


\  sMi   op  District 


Newport  Heights 
Newport  Mesa   . 
Oakdale    .     .     . 
Palmdale  .     .     . 
Paradise    .     .     . 
Princeton-CodoraGl 
Provident .     .     . 
Redrock  Creek  . 
San  Ysidro     .     . 
Scott  Valley  .     . 
Southern  Lassen 
South  San  Joaquin 
Stratford   .     .     . 
Surprise  Valley  . 
Terra  Bella 
Tulare  .... 
Turlock      .     .     . 
Tranquility     . 
Victor  Valley 
Walnut      .     .      . 
Waterford      .     . 
Webster    .     .     . 
Westside   .     .     . 


County 


Riverside 

Riverside 

San  Joaquin-Stanislaus 
Los  Angeles  .... 

Butte 

Glenn-Colusa      .     .     . 

Colusa-Glenn 

San  Diego      .... 

Lassen 

Siskiyou 

Lassen 

San  Joaquin  .... 

Kings   

Modoc 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Stanislaus- Merced    .     . 

Fresno 

San  Bernardino  .     .     . 
Los  Angeles  .... 

Stanislaus 

Madera 

San  Joaquin  .... 


Am  a  in 
Acres 


•,5°3 
670 

74.146 

4,000 

I  1,200 

18,200 
20,756 

485 
3,700 

5,540 

21,500 

71,050 

9,200 
17,500 
1 2,000 

39,36c 
'75,566 

1 1,300 

71,517 
869 

14,434 

I  5,000 

11,700 


On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  mark  with  a  cross  (  X  )  each  county  having  one  or  more  irrigation 
districts.  Use  a  colored  pencil.  Draw  the  outline  of  the  national  irrigation  project  at  Orland,  using  the 
map  in  the  front  of  this  book  for  reference. 

If  you  live  in  an  irrigation  district,  draw  its  outline  on  the  map  and  name  it.  What  are  the  principal 
irrigated  crops  in  this  district? 


23 


WATER  IS  WEALTH  (Continued) 

PROBLEMS 

1.  Judging  from  the  map  you  have  made  on  the  foregoing  page,  what  natural  region  has  the  greatest 
number  of  irrigation  districts?    Why?   

2.  What  natural  region  is  the  source  of  most  of  the  streams  that  are  used  to  irrigate  these  districts  ? 


3.  Where  is  the  water  obtained  for  irrigation  in  the  lowlands  near  Los  Angeles  ? 
;    in  the  Imperial  Valley  ?    


4.  Name  the  regions  where  production  could  be  increased  if  more  irrigation  water  were  available. 


5.   Where  could  this  water  be  obtained  ? 


6.   What   is   dry   farming  ? 


7.  Name  one  region  in  California  where  dry  farming  is  practiced. 

8.  What  is  the  great  crop  produced  in  the  dry-farming  areas  ?    


9.  What  does  dry  farming  tell  you  about  the  climate  of  the  regions  where  it  is  practiced  ? 


THE  STORY  OF  A  DROP   OF  WATER 

Fill  in  the  blanks  in  the  following  story,  or,  better  yet,  write  a  story  of  your  own,  using  this  one  as  a  model : 

I  am  a  very  busy  little  drop  of  water,  for  my  duties  are  many.     I  reach  the  earth  in  the  form  of 

or I  dash  down  the  mountain  canyons  with  my  brothers  and  sisters, 


to  be  caught  behind  great  that  have  been  built  across  my  path.    These  places  that  have 

been  made  for  us  are  called I  am  kept  here  until  the season, 

when  a  gate  is  opened  and  I  start  on  my  long  journey  down  a or , to  the 

lands  below.     Here  I  am  taken  out  of  the  and  put  in  smaller 

that  lead  to  thousands  of I  do  not  regret  my  long,  rough  ride  when 


I  see  what  joy  I  bring  to that  depend  entirely  upon  irrigation. 

24  B 


A  LAND  OF  INTEREST  AND  VARIETY 

1.  California  has  often  been  called  a  state  of  contrasts,  because  of  the  striking  contrasts  found  in  its 
geographical  features. 

2.  Within  the  state  is  the  highest  point  of  land  in  the  United  States.    This  is  


in County.  Its  altitude  is feet. 

Not  far  from  this  great  mountain  is  _,  the  lowest  area  in  the 

United  States.    In  places  this  valley  is  thought  to  be  more  than  400  feet  below  sea  level.    Another  area, 

larger  than  the  state  of   Rhode  Island,  is  also  below  sea  level.    This  is  the  

Still  another  large  area  in  the  state  is  more  than  a  mile  above  sea  level. 


This  is  the 


3.  The  only  active  volcano  in  the  United  States  is  in  California.    This  is 
in  County. 


4.  The  climate  in  most  parts  of  the  state  is  mild  and  pleasant  throughout  the  year,  but  it  too  pre- 
sents many  contrasts.    Some  regions  have  very  heavy  rainfall.    They  are 

One  region  has  almost  no  rain. 


This  is  the The  highest  temperature  in  the  United 

States  occurs  every  summer  in  one  of  the  regions  of  California.  What  region  do  you  think  this  is? 
Although  California  does  not  have  the  lowest  tempera- 
tures in  the  United  States,  it  has  one  region  in  which  the  winters  are  very  cold,  with  very  heavy  falls  of 
snow.    This  is  the region. 

5.  In  some  parts  of  California  there  are  great  forests,  but  there  are  other  regions  with  little  or  no 

timber.    The  heavily  forested  regions  are 

The  regions  that  have  little  or  no  timber  are 


the  oldest  living  things  in  the  world.    Name  three  areas  where  they  grow. 


-.    The  big  trees  of  California  are 


6.  The  agricultural  regions  of  California  produce  every  crop  grown  elsewhere  in  the  United  States, 
but  California  produces  some  crops  that  are  grown  in  no  other  state.    Some  of  these  special  crops  are 

7.  California  has  about miles  of  seacoast  on  the Ocean, 

but  very  few  good  harbors.    One  of  these  harbors,  however,  is  among  the  finest  and  largest  in  the  world.  This 
is Why  are  there  so  few  good  harbors  ?  


25 


THE  RICHEST  AGRICULTURAL  DISTRICTS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

ARE  IN  CALIFORNIA 

Below  is  the  list  of  the  fourteen  leading  agricultural  counties  of  the  United  States  in  order  of  rank. 
The  figures  arc  based  <>n  reports  of  a  recent  year. 


V.u  db  of  Crops 

Princip  w.  Products 

Los  Am                iifornia 

161,366,608 

52,541.205 
51,861,252 

37,956,866 

32-458.658 

32.191,536 
30.S24.407 

30.547341 
26,938,0  iS 

26,517,455 
'1   165,231 

24.054.416 
23.800,535 
23,792,684 

Oranges,  lemons,  hay  and  forage,  walnuts 

Potatoes,  hay  and  forage,  oats,  dairy  products 

Grapes,  peaches,  hay  and  forage,  dairy  products 

Potati                ies,  barley,  hay  and  foi 

Tobacco,  corn,  hay  and  forage,  wheat 

Apples,  hay  and  forage,  potatoes,  peaches 

Wheat,  hay  and  forage,  oats,  barley 

Grapes,  oranges,  hay  and  forage,  dairy  products 

Corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay  and  forage 

Oranges,  lemons,  grapes,  hay  and  forage 

Oranges,  walnuts,  lemons,  sugar  tx 

Cotton,  hay  and  forage,  dairy  products,  wheat 

Corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay  and  forage 

Plums,  prunes,  apricots,  hay,  forage,  dairy  products 

San  Joaquin,  California 

tcr,  Pennsylvania 

Yakima,  Washington 

Whitman.  Washington 

Orange,  California 

Maricopa,  Arizona 

Santa  Clara,  California 

PROBLEMS 
1.  How  many  of  these  counties  are  in  California?    


and 


2.   What  other  states  have  more  than  one  county  listed  here  ? 


3.  Judging  by  this  list,  what  are  the  most  valuable  farm  products  of  California  ? 


4.  On  the  map  opposite,  color  the  California  counties  that  are  included  in  this  list.    Place  in  each 
county  the  figure  that  indicates  its  rank  among  the  fourteen  leading  agricultural  counties. 

5.  What  products  of  these  California  counties  are  shipped  to  Eastern  states  ?   


6.  What  products  of  these  counties  are  consumed  in  California  ? 


7.   Give  two  reasons  why  half  of  the  fourteen  most  productive  counties  of  the  United  States  are  located 
in  California.    _  


26 


27 


CALIFORNIA  FRUIT  IS  FAMOUS 

The  following  table  gives  the  value  of  the  commercial  orchard  crops  of  California  for  a  recent  year. 
After  each  crop  you  will  find  the  names  of  the  five  counties  that  are  leaders  in  its  production.  On  the 
map  on  the  opposite  page  write  the  name  of  each  crop  in  the  five  counties  which  lead  in  its  production. 
Use  the  abbreviations  given  for  the  names  of  the  crops. 


COMMERCIAL  ORCHARD  CROPS 


Crop 

Ahhreviation 

Counties 

Value  of  Crop 

Apples 

Apricots 

Cherries 

Figs 

Grapefruit 

Grapes 

Table 

Wine 

Lemons 

Olives 

Oranges 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums 

Walnuts 

Al 

App 

Apr 

Ch 

Fi 

Gf 

RG 

TG 

W  G 

Le 

01 

Or 

Pe 

Ps 

PI 

Pr 

Wa 

Stanislaus,  Butte,  Yolo,  San  Joaquin,  San  Luis  Obispo 
Santa  Cruz,  Sonoma,  Riverside,  San  Bernardino,  Napa 
Santa  Clara,  Riverside,  Ventura,  Solano,  Alameda 
Santa  Clara,  San  Joaquin,  Solano,  Alameda,  Napa 
Fresno,  Tulare,  Merced,  San  Bernardino.  Stanislaus 
San  Bernardino,  Tulare,  Riverside,  Los  Angeles,  Imperial 

Fresno,  Tulare,  Kings,  Sutter,  Madera 
San  Joaquin,  Fresno.  Sacramento,  Tulare,  Placer 
Fresno,  Napa,  Sonoma,  San  Bernardino,  San  Joaquin 
Ventura,  Orange,  Riverside,  San  Bernardino,  Los  Angeles 
Placer,  Butte,  Riverside,  Tulare,  Tehama 
San  Bernardino,  Tulare,  Riverside,  Orange,  Los  Angeles 
Fresno,  Placer,  Tehama,  Merced,  Solano 
Solano,  Santa  Clara,  Placer,  Sacramento,  Eldorado 
Placer,  Solano,  San  Joaquin,  Napa,  Sacramento 
Santa  Clara,  Napa,  Solano,  Sonoma,  Tulare 
Orange,  Ventura,  Los  Angeles,  San  Joaquin,  Santa  Barbara 

Total    .... 

S 1 ,980,000 

9,605,000 

9,775,000 

3,000,000 

900,000 

984,000 

55,800,000 
1  2,000,000 
24,700,000 

2,700,000 

800,000 

51,425,000 

26,220,000 

8,100,000 

3,150,000 
1 9,000,000 

8,600,000 

^238,739,000 

PROBLEMS 

1.  The  two  most  important  California  fruits  are 

2.  In  what  natural  regions  are  they  grown  ?    


and 


3.   Using  the  map  you  have  made,  name  ten  counties  that  are  among  the  leaders  in  the  production 
of  four  or  more  of  the  commercial  orchard  crops. 


4.  My  county  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  the   production  of 


28 


CALIFORNIA 


29 


THE  GOLDEN  CROP  OF  TODAY 

PRODU<    HON    OF  ORANGES  IN  CALIFORNIA 


Boxes  Hai 
,-.  ,  Rhc. 

Coin i  \ 

Boxes  11  tRVBsn  d 
in  a  Kecext  Year 

County 

Boxes  \\w\  estbd 
:n  \  Recent  Year 

Alameda      .... 

1,025 

Marin 

28 

San  Mateo     .      .      . 

Alpine    . 

Mariposa  . 

1 .409 

Santa  Barbara 

6,8  it 

Amador 

Mendocino     . 

Santa  c  lara   . 

5,862 

Butte      .     . 

■03.444 

Merced     .     . 

5-737 

Santa  Cruz 

633 

Calaveras    . 

Modoc       .      . 

Shasta.      . 

142 

Colusa   . 

7. '3* 

Mono  . 

Sierra  .     . 

Contra  Costa 

270 

Monterey 

40 

Siskiyou    . 

Del  Norte  . 

Napa    .      .      . 

580 

Solano 

3,636 

Eldorado    . 

87 

Nevada 

410 

Sonoma    . 

4,087 

Fresno  . 

1  ii.inge 

3,486,304 

Stanislaus 

'7,3°' 

Glenn     .     . 

4-941 

Placer  . 

10,847 

Sutter  .     . 

8,023 

Humboldt  . 

l'lumas 

Tehama    . 

5,801 

Imperial 

1.719 

Riverside  . 

1,494,602 

Trinity 

Inyo 

Sacramento   . 

80,019 

Tulare 

2,107,974 

Kern 

22,834 

San  ISenito 

25 

Tuolumne 

53 

Kings 

133 

San  Bernardino 

5,102,958 

Ventura    . 

505.038 

Lake 

'3 

San  Diego 

222,808 

Yolo     .     . 

1,596 

Lassen   .     . 

8,240,673 

San  Francisco 
San  Joaquin  . 

3.528 

Yuba    .     . 

[,807 

Los  Angeles 

Total  for  slate 

21,628,444 

Madera  . 

410 

San  Luis  Obispo 

566 

PROBLEMS 
1.   Name  the  five  counties  that  produce  the  greatest  number  of  boxes  of  oranges. 


2.   Write  below  the   names  of  the  counties  north  of  the  Tehachapi   that  produced   5000  or  more 
boxes  of  oranges  in  the  year  for  which  the  figures  are  given. 


3.  What  is  the  northernmost  county  producing  more  than  100,000  boxes  of  oranges? 

4.  What  natural  regions  lead  in  the  production  of  oranges? 


5.  What  can  you  say  of  the  climate  in  the  regions  where  oranges  are  grown  ? 


3° 


THE  GOLDEN  CROP  OF  TODAY  (Continued) 

6.   How  has  the  development  of  irrigation  projects  affected  the  orange-growing  in  California  ? 


7.   List  the  irrigation  districts  that  supply  water  in  the  counties  where  more  than   100,000  boxes  of 
oranges  were  produced  in  the  year  for  which  the  figures  on  the  opposite  page  are  given.   (Refer  to  page  22.) 


8.  In  the  same  year  the  state  of  Florida  produced  8,500,000  boxes  of  oranges.     How  many  more 

boxes  of  oranges  were   produced   in   California   than   in    Florida  ?    At 

$2. 20  per  box,  what  was  the  value  of  the  Florida  crop  ?    At  $2. 75  per 

box,  what  was  the  value  of  the  California  crop  ?    How  much  greater 

was  the  value  of  the  California  crop  than  the  value  of  the  Florida  crop  ?    

9.  Visit  your  grocer  and  examine  the  orange  boxes  in   his  store.    How  are  the  oranges  packed  ? 


Where  were  they  packed  ?     (The  name  and  location  of  the  packing  house  will  be  found  on  the  box  label.) 


10.   What  great  association  packs  and  sells  a  large  part  of  the  oranges  grown  in  California  ? 


11.  Oranges  are  called  citrus  fruit.    What  other  citrus  fruits  are  grown  in  California  ? 


12.   Look  in  the  magazines  in  your  home  for  advertisements  of  oranges  and  other  California  fruits. 
Cut  out  all  you  can  from  old  copies  and  bring  them  to  school. 

*  31 


CALIFORNIA'S  BEAN  PRODUCTION 

(Hased  on  figures  of  a  recent  year) 


I    NTY 

Alameda .  .  . 
Butte  .... 

Colusa           .  . 

Contra  Costa  . 
Eldorado 

Fresno    .    .  . 
Glenn 
Humboldt 

Inyo   .     .     .  . 

Kern  .... 
Kings 

Lake  .    .    .  . 

Lassen  .  . 
Los  Angeles 

Madera    .     .  . 

Mendocino  .  . 

Merced    .     .  . 

Modoc     .     .  . 

Monterey  .  . 
Napa  .... 
Nevada   . 

Orange    .     .  . 

l'lacer      .     .  . 


\ 


300 
1,000 
1,000 
500 
200 
100 
100 


40,000 
500 
100 
3,000 
100 
8,000 
300 
too 

30,000 
300 


Prodi 
ioo-lb>  v  K> 


1,800 
6,000 
6,000 
3,000 
1,200 
360 
720 


360 


252,000 

2,IOO 

4S0 

I2,6oo 

700 

48,  1  1 

1,800 

600 

1 80,000 

2 1 , 1 OO 


\   in  1 


fg.OOO 

30,000 

2S.000 

17,500 

600 

I,8oo 

3,600 


1,800 


1,386,000 

11.375 

3,200 

63,000 

4,200 

224,000 

8,500 

5.000 

1 , 1 40,000 

7,800 


County 


Riverside    .     . 
Sacramento    . 

San  Benito 

s.in  Bernardino 

San  Diego 
San  Joaquin    . 
San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Mateo 
Santa  Barbara 
Santa  Clara     . 
Santa  Cruz 
Shasta  . 
Siskiyou 
Solano  . 
Sonoma 
Stanislaus 
Sutter    . 
Tehama 
Tulare  . 
Ventura 
Yolo      . 
Yuba     . 
Totals 


V  lil  \..i 


3.500 

8,000 

1,200 
12,500 
20,000 
10,000 

41,000 
100 

200 
IOO 

2,000 

1 8,ooo 

4,000 

200 

500 

70,000 

8,000 

3.000 


287,900 


Production 
ioo-lb. Sacks 


14,700 
43.200 

5,100 

52,500 

108,000 

42,000 

221,400 
600 

1,440 

600 


107,200 

28,800 

1,200 

2,100 

504,000 

48,000 

1 8,000 


1,730,660 


\  Al  II 


$75,900 
I  80,000 

25,500 

3  '3-700 
486,000 
1 68,000 

922,500 
3.500 

5,200 
350 

62,000 

502,200 

1 20,000 

600 

8,750 

3,150,000 

252,000 

1 20,000 


$9,269,325 


PROBLEMS 

1.  Make  a  map  on  the  opposite  page  which  will  show  the  production  of  beans  by  counties.    Shade  the 
counties  according  to  the  following  scheme  : 


Counties  producing  25,000  sacks  or  more 
Counties  producing  from  10,000  to  25,000  sacks 


Counties  producing  from  1,000  to  10,000  sacks 
Counties  producing  less  than  1 ,000  sacks 


2.  What  natural  regions  seem  best  adapted  to  the  growing  of  beans  ? 


3.  The  four  counties  that  lead  in  bean  production  are 


4.  Give  as  many  reasons  as  you  can  why  beans  are  grown  most  successfully  in  these  counties. 


32 


33 


CALIFORNIA  FARM  PRODUCTS  LISTED  BY  COUNTIES 


Alameda  .  .  . 

Alpine  .  .  .  . 
Amador  .  .  , 
Butte 

Calaveras     .  , 

Colusa  .  .  .  . 

Contra  Costa 


Del  Norte  . 
Eldorado  .  . 


Fresno 


Glenn  .  .  . 
Humboldt  . 
Imperial    .   . 


Inyo  .... 
Kern  .... 

Kings    .  .  . 

Lake  .... 
Lassen  .  .  . 
Los  Angeles 


Madera 
Marin 


Mariposa .  . 
Mendocino. 

Merced     .  . 


Modoc  .  . 

Mono    .  . 
Monterey 

Napa  .  .  . 
Nevada 
Orange .  . 

Placer    .  , 


Hay    (allali  g,    vegetables, 

beets,  pea!  lies,  apricots,  prunes,  grapes, 

wheat,  barley 
Hay,  apples,  cattle  [grapes 

i  tats,  wheat,  barley,  hay,  peaches,  prunes. 
Wheat,   barky,   rice,   hay  i.ilfalt 

prunes,  oranges,  almonds,  sheep 
Cattle,    sheep,    oats,    wheat,    barley,    hay, 

apples,    peaches,   prunes 
Sheep,  wheat,  barley,  rice,  lemons,  grapes, 

almonds,  hay 

Poultry,  bees,  wheat,  barley,  potatoes,  hay, 

pears,  prunes,  and  other  orchard  fruits, 

almonds,  walnuts 
Live  stock,  oats,  potato  pples 

Live    stock,    oats,    potatoes,    hay,    apples, 

peaches,   pears 

tock,  honey,  wheat,  barley,  kafir  corn, 

alfalfa  and  other  hay,  cotton,  figs,  lemons, 

oranges,  apricots,  peaches,  prunes,  plums, 

grapes 
Live  s'.oc';,  wheat,  barley,  bay,  rice,  peaches, 

prunes,  oranges,  almonds 
Live  stock,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  berries, 

hay.   apples,   walnuts 
Live  stock,  berries,  hay,  corn,  kafir  corn, 

cotton,  grapes,  grapefruit,  oranges,  figs, 

cantaloupes 
Alfalfa,  cattle,  sheep 
Live  stock,  alfalfa,  peaches,  apricots,  olives, 

oranges,  rice,  cotton,  grapes 
Raisin   grapes,   peaches,   apricots,   prunes, 

alfalfa  and  other  hay,  live  stock,  wheat, 

barley 
Pears,  prunes,  almonds,  beans,  live  stock,  bay 
Live  stock,  hay,  apples 
Live  stock,  poultry,  honey,  barley,  beans,  po- 
tatoes, hay,  vegetables,  apricots,  peaches, 

pears,  prunes,  lemons,  oranges,  grapes, 

walnuts 
Live  stock,  hay,  grapes,  figs,  olives,  cotton, 

peaches,  wheat,  barley 
Dairy  cattle  and  other  live  stock,  poultry, 

oats,  potatoes,  hay,  grapes 
Live  stock,  barley,  hay,  apples 
Live  stock,  hops,  pears,  grapes,  prunes,  hay, 

barley,  wheat 
Live   stock,    sweet   potatoes,    figs,  grapes, 

peaches,    almonds,    vegetables,    poultry, 

wheat,  barley,  hay  [live  stock 

Wheat,     barley,    apples,    vegetables,    hay, 
Live  stock,  hay 

Sugar  beets,  barley,  prunes,  apricots,  cher- 
ries, almonds,  berries,  live  stock,  wheat, 

barley,  hay,  beans,  apples 
Prunes,  pears,  grapes,  live  stock,  hay,  apples 
Live  stock, pears,  prunes,  potatoes,  apples,  hay 
Oranges,  olives,  grapes,  lima  beans,  sugar 

beets,  lemons,  walnuts 
Peaches,olives,plums,  pears,  cherries,  berries, 

grapes,  live  stock,  hay,  oats,  wheat,  oranges 


Plumas  .  . 
Riverside  . 


Sacramento  . 


San  Benito  .   . 
San  Bernardino 


San  Diego   .   . 

San  Francisco 
San  Joaquin    . 

San  Luis  Obispo 

San  Mateo  .   . 
Santa  Barbara 

Santa  Clara 


Santa  Cruz 

Shasta    .  . 

Sierra  .  .  . 
Siskiyou  . 
Solano    .  . 

Sonoma .  . 

Stanislaus 

Sutter.  .  . 

Tehama .  . 

Trinity  .  . 
Tulare    .  . 


Tuolumne 
Wntura     . 


Yolo 


Yuba 


.i.ls 


Lave  stock,  hay 

Oranges,  lemons,  dates,  barley,  hay,  cotton, 

grapes,     sugar     beets,     apples,      apricots, 

peaches,  almonds,  walnuts 
Pears,  asparagus  and  other  vegetables,  grapes, 

peaches,  prunes,   plums,  almonds,  olives, 

hay,    beans,    corn,   seeds,    wheat,    barley, 

live  stock,  berries,  oranges 
Live  stock,  hay,  apricots,  prunes,  grapes 
Barley,  kafir  corn,  hay,   sugar   beets,   pota- 
toes,   apples,    apricots,    peaches,    lemons, 

oranges,  grapes,   walnuts 
Live     stock,    barley,    beans,    hay,     apples, 

peaches,  lemons,  oranges,  grapes,  walnuts, 

almonds 
City  with  only  a  few  vegetable  gardens  and 

dairy  farms 
Live   stock,  corn,   wheat,   barley,   potatoes, 

hay,  vegetables,  peaches,  prunes,  grapes, 

almonds,  beans,  sugar  b 
Live  stock,  hay,  wheat,  barley,  pears,  apples, 

peaches,  prunes,  grapes,  almonds 
1  lay,  live  stock,  prunes,  vegetables,  artichokes 
Beans,  su^ar  beets,  potatoes,  onions,  barley, 

hay,    avocados,    cherimoyas,    live    stock, 

apples,  apricots,  lemons,  grapes,  walnuts 
Prunes,  live  stock,  hay,  barley,  vegetables, 

berries,   apricots,   peaches,  pears,  grapes, 

almonds,  walnuts,  cherries 
Live  stock,   poultry,   potatoes,   hay,   apples, 

apricots,  prunes,  grapes 
Live    stock,    hay,    wheat,    apples,    peaches, 

prunes,  grapes,  almonds 
Cattle,  sheep,  hay,  potatoes 
Live  stock,  hay,  wheat,  potatoes,  apples 
Livestock,  poultrv,  hav,  win  beans, 

potatoes,  apricots,  peaches,  pears,  prunes, 

grapes,  almonds,  cherries 
Live  stock,  poultry,  oats,  potatoes,  hay,  apples, 

peaches,  pears,  prunes,  walnuts 
Live  stock,  hay,  barley,  oats,  wheat,  peaches, 

apricots,  figs,  grapes,  almonds,  olives 
Live  stock,  beans,  grapes,  peaches,  wheat, 

barley,  rice,  prunes,  almonds,  hay 
Olives,  hay,  live  stock,  honey,  poultry,  wheat, 

barley,  peaches,  prunes,  apples,  almonds 
Live  stock,  wheat,  barley,  potatoes,  hay,  apples 
Wheat,  barley,  hay,   beans,  kafir  corn  and 

milo  maize,  peaches,   prunes,  pears,  apri- 
cots, olives,  figs,  plums,  almonds,  walnuts, 

grapes,  oranges,  lemons,  berries,  live  stock, 

poultry,  avocados 
Live  stock,  hay,  potatoes,  apples 
Sugar  beets,  hay,  live  stock,  beans,  apricots, 

barley,   prunes,  lemons,  oranges,  grapes, 

walnuts 
Live  stock,  wheat,  barley,  beans,  rice,  hay, 

vegetables,      apricots,      peaches,      pears, 

prunes,  grapes,  almonds 
Live  stock,  wheat,  rice,  barley,  hay,  peaches, 

grapes,  almonds,  pears 


31 


PROBLEMS  ON  CALIFORNIA  FARM  PRODUCTS  LISTED  BY  COUNTIES 

(Refer  to  the  table  on  the  opposite  page) 
1.  Name  the  products  that  are  found  in  nearly  every  county.    


2.  Name  some  farm  products  of  your  own  county  that  are  not  given  in  this  table. 


3.   In  what  counties  are  sugar  beets  grown  ? 


In  a  recent  year  California  produced  666,900  tons  of  sugar  beets,  with  a  value  of  $8,669,258.     How 

much  was  this  per  ton  ?     The  sugar-beet  factories  are  located  as  near  as  possible  to 

the  districts  where  the  beets  are  grown.    Why  is  this  so? . 


4.   Name  the  counties  in  which  rice  is  an  important  product. 


Is  rice  culture  a  new  or  an  old  industry  in  California  ?   Name  at  least  two  essentials 

for  the  successful  production  of  rice.    . , 


5.   In  what  counties  is  cotton  raised  ? 


In  a  recent  year  California  produced  46,418  bales  of  cotton  at  a  value  of  $9,237,182.    How  much  is  this 

per  bale  ?    Short-staple  cotton  is  most  commonly  raised,  as  less  care   is  required  in 

producing  a  crop,  but  in  recent  years  the  Egyptian  long-staple  cotton  has  been  experimented  with  and 
successfully  grown  in  some  parts  of  California.  This  cotton  is  in  great  demand  and  brings  a  higher  price 
than  the  short-staple  varieties. 


6.   In  what  county  are  dates  produced  ? 


7.  In  how  many  counties  are  walnuts  one  of  the  important  crops  ? In  a  recent  year 

the  state  produced  19,977  tons  of  walnuts.    How  many  pounds  is  this  ?    

8.  In  what  counties  are  hops  an  important  product  ? 


9.   California  produces  nearly  every  farm  product  grown  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States.    Why 
is  this  possible  ?    


35 


TALKING  IN  MILLIONS 

VALUE  OF  ALL  CALIFORNIA  CROPS  BY  COUNTIES   IN  A  RECENT  YEAR 


County 

Cereals 

(H  III  KG  rains 
and  Seeds 

Hay 

■,  in  1  9 

Fruits  and 

All  Other 
Crofs 

Totals 

Alameda       .... 

$1,482,574 

*'9-579 

51,161 

1,982 

'65,805 

$331,828 

$8,632,929 

Alpine 

12,016 

60 

3,566 

7,356 

83,742 

Amador  . 

145,706 

818 

25.; 

36,417 

246,022 

682,186 

Butte .     . 

j, 198 

l54-38o 

I..V 

96,221 

2,832,671 

301,766 

11,582,730 

Calaveras 

73i543 

2,195 

282,121 

83,9' 7 

1  5 1 ,668 

166 

593,6io 

Colusa 

1  1,024,649 

84. 

7) -.304 

43-9'9 

1,311,903 

33,02  1 

1  ^240,785 

Contra  Cost, 

l 

2,345.587 

439,702 

2,356.785 

3.3".935 

[,587,962 

2,900 

10,044,871 

Del  Norte 

M.207 

240 

293.423 

39,575 

10,910 

358,355 

Eldorado 

263 

94 

1  '.025 

86,012 

508,689 

867,083 

Fresno 

2,267,323 

44,253 

6,702,870 

1 66, 1 00 

42,2* 

393.423 

51,861,252 

Glenn 

9.°53.7'7 

3,020 

1,41 0,089 

-4.143 

479.5S3 

461 

",571,013 

Humboldt 

158,781 

3',74- 

2,506 

517,606 

306,628 

85,292 

4,082,555 

Imperial 

4.903.233 

65,017 

2,562,696 

3,541,078 

123,078 

6,005,632 

17.200,734 

Inyo   .     . 

300,901 

6,893 

1,071,284 

67,692 

55.898 

527 

',503, '95 

Kern  .     . 

2-542,033 

16,558 

2, ',10,781 

;<)7-377 

424.745 

193.927 

6,085,421 

Kings 

3,797,094 

5,784 

2,032.372 

''3.532 

5,957,274 

84,313 

11,940,369 

Lake  . 

334,012 

59,578 

475,426 

53,778 

662,977 

33,657 

1,619,428 

Lassen     . 

373.275 

65,063 

',5'3.'77 

98,242 

55.177 

2,104,934 

Los  Angeles 

855,659 

2,586,128 

■  444 

7,904,309 

42.1 17.820 

2,282.248 

61,366,608 

Madera    . 

2,256,056 

12,140 

1,1  70,076 

6l,745 

1  .1115,010 

2.<)l  1 

4,697,938 

Marin 

1 00,48 1 

5,462 

77" 

460,940 

76,344 

37-570 

'■452,334 

Mariposa 

43,' 78 

169 

119,719 

37,464 

59>505 

29 

260,064 

Mendocino 

469.947 

5,030 

I,II4,«75 

281, 

1,369,706 

884,093 

4,1  24,824 

Merced   . 

3,940, 198 

217,185 

5,865,441 

935,002 

2,325,357 

5.73' 

13.288,914 

Modoc    . 

301,638 

'",334 

1,983,625 

103,1 

64,321 

2,564,9°' 

Mono 

7,523 

42 

'63,536 

45,385 

3,200 

219,686 

Monterey 

2,408,1 14 

'.224,759 

2.389,755 

575,175 

1,158,199 

7,268 

9-593,270 

Napa  .     . 

560,923 

785 

779,394 

82,182 

3,299,379 

4,722,663 

la   . 

1 1,661 

320 

163,576 

6i,333 

[62,496 

75 

399,461 

Orange    . 

3'9,878 

2,335.9°' 

874,429 

1.473,097 

17,995,347 

1,466,579 

24,465,231 

Placer 

681,1  24 

338 

2'. I.788 

49-538 

4,075,216 

12,789 

5,080,793 

Plumas    . 

62,136 

475.322 

20,033 

5,237 

562,728 

Riverside 

1,556,241 

261,148 

2.5S3,202 

838,194 

9,689,920 

4,003,744 

[8,932,449 

Sacramento 

3,285,385 

3,°97,539 

'8,778 

3,22s, 680 

6,346,873 

1,908,603 

19,845,858 

San  Benito 

472,112 

1,322.442 

1.050,191 

104,613 

1,151,025 

15,288 

4,115,671 

San  Bernardino 

605,190 

93,307 

1        15,296 

45  ' 

23,429,055 

121,889 

26,5'7.455 

San  Diego   . 

795,348 

570,914 

1,639,621 

701. 

4,065.'.!  1 

50,686 

7,829,041 

San  Francisco 

4; 

150,639 

1  5 

San  Joaquin 

10,748,208 

3,067,428 

4.497,"7 

9,989,852 

9-432,595 

221,666 

37,956,866 

San  Luis  Obisp 

o 

2,991,194 

1.925,401 

1 ,959,807 

209,177 

571,287 

414,947 

8,071,813 

San  Mateo  . 

176,050 

215,349 

55- 

I,453»634 

45,19' 

2,320 

2,445,026 

Santa  Barbara 

584,572 

6,004,922 

i.335,'So 

335.371 

2,293,23s 

713,362 

1 1,266,645 

Santa  Clara . 

264,707 

673,551 

1,871,097 

1.455.863 

19,513,693 

13.773 

23,792,684 

Santa  Cruz 

'28,531 

134,096 

399.40 ' 

322,666 

5,654,942 

67,288 

6,706,924 

Shasta 

376,853 

6,391 

973,093 

104,398 

467.347 

17 

1,928,099 

Sierra 

6,943 

9 

286.623 

16,054 

5-027 

3M.656 

Siskiyou  . 

724,849 

26,825 

2,086,118 

208,953 

90,010 

20 

3.'36,775 

Solano     . 

3,992,953 

722,381 

i,5': 

754,009 

4.244,60s 

1 5,000 

11,246,439 

Sonoma  . 

5 '9,743 

10,216 

2,435,54o 

2.294.990 

10,029,335 

2,187,546 

17.477,370 

Stanislaus 

5,368,193 

1,308,311 

5,454,448 

1,468,143 

3,522,936 

18,383 

17,140,414 

Sutter      . 

4,363,202 

1,449,601 

900,514 

54.710 

4,781,698 

90,408 

",640,133 

Tehama  . 

1,252,073 

39,873 

1, '35, 254 

62,500 

1,084,337 

5,268 

3.579.305 

Trinity     . 

28,432 

4,369 

226,159 

59-983 

36,615 

355.558 

Tulare 

3,335,24o 

30,460 

7,598,204 

139.87I 

19,416,780 

26,786 

30,547.341 

Tuolumne 

6i,473 

592 

124,626 

104,739 

137,691 

429,121 

Ventura  . 

'63,954 

7,932,756 

823,050 

93,008 

8,3O4-370 

1,003,186 

18,320,324 

Yolo   .     . 

7,5  26,3 1 8 

i,779>46o 

1,532,730 

425-395 

12,253 

1,021,059 

14.927,215 

Yuba  .     . 

877,077 

» 72,438 

340,424 

37.749 

271,495 

372,935 

2,072,1 18 

Totals  for 

S/l 

lie 

$108,570,469 

S38,349-277 

->,'>.:  -i  .-■  j'. 

$47,377,921 

-  27    .'ii   '.'198 

$26,270,380 

$587,600,591 

36 


TALKING  IN  MILLIONS  (Continued) 

PROBLEMS 

1.  Consult  the  table  on  the  opposite  page  and  then  list  the  counties  that  produce  $5,000,000  worth  or 
more  of  cereals. 


What  is  a  cereal  ? 


2.  California  leads  all  the  states  in  the  production  of  seeds.    List  the  six  counties  that  lead  in  the 
production  of  seeds  and  grains,  other  than  cereals. 


Underline  in  red  those  of  the  six  counties  that  border  on  the  Pacific ;   underline  in  blue  those  that  lie  in 
the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys. 

3.   Name  the  five  counties  that  lead  in  the  production  of  hay. 


Are   these  counties   also  among  the  largest   producers  of    beef  and  dairy  cattle  ?    (Refer  to    page  42) 


4.  Name  six  counties  that  produce  more  than  $2,000,000  worth  of  vegetables. 


Are  most  of  the  California  vegetables  grown  on  irrigated  or  nonirrigated  land  ?   _ 
5.  List  the  counties  that  produce  $5,000,000  worth  or  more  of  fruits  and  nuts. 


Underline  in  red  those  producing  more  than  $40,000,000  worth ;  underline  in  blue  those  producing  from 
$10,000,000  to  $40,000,000  worth. 

6.   How  many  California  counties  produce  more  than  $10,000,000  worth  of  farm  crops  annually? 


7.  What  is  the  most  valuable  farm  crop  grown  in  California  ? 
R  37 


DOES  CALIFORNIA  RAISE  MUCH  BARLEY,  HAY,  AND  RICE  ? 

(Based  on  figures  of  a  recent  year) 

PROBLEMS 

1.   How  does  California  rank  among  the  states  raising  barley?    

Complete  the  graph. 


Scale:  3,000,000  bushels 


2.   How  does  California  rank  among  the  states  raising  hay? 
Complete  the  graph. 


State 


Tons  of  Hay 


S  1  ATE 

Bushels  op  Darli;\ 

A  bushel  of  barley   = pounds 

California 

28,750,000 

South  Dakota 

26,825,000 

25,000,000 

North  Dakota 

■    .1180,000 

2  1, 28c., OOO 

• 1 

Scalk  :   500,000  tons 


New    York 


5,482,000 


California 


5,002,000 


Wisconsin 


4.S  14,000 


Iowa 


4,350,000 


Ohio 


4,252,000 


3.    How  does  California  rank  among  the  states  raising  rice  ? 
Complete  the  graph. 


Scale  :  3,000,000  bushels 


Statf. 

1  is  in   Rice 

A  bushel  of  rice   —                                   pounds 

25,200,000 

California 

9,720,000 

9,554,000 

8,889,000 

38 


CALIFORNIA  LEADS  IN  RAISING  PEACHES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,  AND  PRUNES 


(Based  on  figures  of  a  recent  year) 
PROBLEMS 
PRODUCTION  OF  PEARS  IN  FIVE  LEADING  STATES 
Complete  the  graph.  ScALE :  5oo,ooo  bushels 


PRODUCTION  OF  PEACHES  IN  FIVE  LEADING  STATES 

Complete  the  graph.  Scalf.  :  2,000,000  bushels 


Bushels  Raised 

State 

3,600,000 

2,37S>00° 

2,246,000 

1,100,000 

843,000 

! 

1 i, : 

State 

Bushels  Raised 

A  bushel  of  peaches  —                               pounds 

13,800,000 

3,799,000 

2,307,000 

Ohio 

2,241,000 

North  Carolina 

1,909,000 

............ 

PRODUCTION  OF  PLUMS  AND  PRUNES  IN  FOUR  LEADING  STATES 
Complete  the  graph.  Scale  :  2,000,000  bushels 


State 

Bushels  Raised 

rounds 

13,200,805 

2,151,864 

Washington 

785,920 

485,325 

39 


THE  "NETHERLANDS"  OF  OUR  STATE 

On  the  map  in  the  front  of  this  book  find  the  section  of  the  state  between  Benicia  (on  the  Carquinez 
Straits),  Sacramento,  and  Stockton.  This  is  delta  land,  lying  along  the  lower  reaches  of  the  Sacramento 
and  San  Joaquin  rivers,  and  is  therefore  very  fertile.  Much  of  it  is  broken  up  into  islands  by  branches 
of  the  rivers,  or  "  sloughs."  The  land  is  so  low  that  in  many  places  it  is  protected  from  overflow  by  great 
dikes,  and  the  level  of  the  water  in  the  streams  is  higher  than  the  farm  lands  on  either  side. 

Before  the  dikes  were  built,  most  of  this  land  was  a  great  swamp  covered  with  tules.  After  the  dikes 
were  thrown  up,  the  water  was  pumped  out  into  drainage  canals  and  carried  off  to  the  rivers.  This  pumping 
has  to  be  continued  from  year  to  year,  and  agriculture  in  this  district  depends  upon  drainage  instead  of 
irrigation.  The  dikes  along  the  river  banks  are  so  broad  on  top  that  they  are  used  for  roads,  and  in  some 
places  paved  highways  have  been  constructed  on  them. 

Great  crops  of  onions,  potatoes,  peas,  barley,  sugar  beets,  celery,  asparagus,  and  other  vegetables  and 
grains  are  grown  on  these  low,  fertile  delta  lands.    Fruit  trees  and  vineyards  have  also  been  started  here. 

PROBLEMS 
1.  Why  is  this  part  of  the  state  called  "The  Netherlands"?   


2.   What  are  tules  ? 


3.  Why  is  this  land  so  fertile  and  productixe? 


4. 

How  are  the  crops  of  this  great  delta  shipped  to  San   Francisco  ? 

5. 

In  what  two  ways  are  the  vegetables  of  this  region  shipped  to  Eastern  cities  ? 

6. 

What  counties  share  this  delta  region  ? 

7.  In  southern  California  there  is  another  great  agricultural  district,  most  of  which  lies  below  sea  level. 
This  is  the Valley.    It  is  part  of  the  delta  of  the River. 

8.  Agriculture  in  this  district  is  carried  on  by  means  of  irrigation.    Would  "The  Netherlands"  be  an 
appropriate  name  for  this  section  of  the  state  ? Explain  your  answer. 

9.  In  what  county  does  most  of  this  agricultural  district  lie? 


10.   Name  six  different  crops  that  are  raised  in  the  Imperial  Valley  (refer  to  page  34). 


40 


TEAMWORK  IN  CALIFORNIA 


The  California  farmers  and  ranchers  have  not  always  been  prosperous.  In  past  years  they  have  some- 
times found  that  the  prices  they  received  for  raisins,  oranges,  peaches,  prunes,  and  other  products  were 
not  enough  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  growing,  harvesting,  and  selling.  Some  of  the  crops  would  be  sold  too 
early,  some  would  be  sold  too  late,  and  one  grower  might  make  money  while  another  lost.  The  fruits 
were  not  packed  in  standard  sizes,  and  so  the  buyers  in  distant  markets  could  not  always  be  sure  of  the 
quality  of  the  California  fruit  that  was  offered  for  sale.  Sometimes  great  quantities  of  one  fruit  were  sent 
to  one  place,  causing  prices  to  drop  there,  while  there  would  be  a  shortage  of  the  same  fruit  somewhere 
else.  Besides,  people  in  the  East  did  not  know  about  the  fine  qualities  of  the  California  figs,  raisins, 
oranges,  nuts,  prunes,  apricots,  and  other  products,  and  no  one  grower  could  afford  to  advertise  them. 

Many  of  these  problems  have  been  solved  by  the  associations  that  have  been  formed  to  sell  the 
California  products.  Most  of  the  growers  of  raisins,  for  example,  have  joined  the  California  Sun  Maid 
Raisin  Growers.  Working  together,  they  can  afford  to  engage  experts  who  see  that  all  the  raisins  are 
picked  at  the  right  time,  and  that  they  are  dried  and  packed  in  just  the  right  way.  They  know  just  where 
and  when  to  sell  the  raisins  in  order  to  get  the  best  prices.  Besides,  they  can  afford  to  advertise  raisins  in 
many  magazines  and  papers  that  reach  millions  of  people.  As  a  result  of  this  teamwork  the  demand  for 
raisins  has  been  increased,  the  growers  make  much  more  money  than  they  did  before  the  association  was 
organized,  and  no  one  grower  has  an  advantage  over  any  other.  For  the  same  grade  and  quality  of  raisins 
each  grower  is  paid  the  same  price.  With  the  help  of  these  associations  the  fruit  growers  now  make  a 
good  profit  where  once  they  sold  at  a  loss.  At  the  same  time  consumers  get  a  far  higher  quality  of  fruit 
at  much  lower  prices. 

There  are  many  of  these  cooperative  associations. 

California  Prune  and  Apricot  Growers,  Incorporated 


California  Date  Association 

California  Sun  Maid  Raisin  Growers,  Incorporated 
California  Peach  and  Fig  Growers 
California  Sunkist  Fruit  Growers'  Exchange  (Citrus 
fruits) 


Some  of  the  most  important  are 

California  Walnut  Growers'  Association 
California  Almond  Growers'  Exchange 
Avocado  Association  of  California 
Central  California  Berry  Growers'  Association 
Central  California  Poultry  Producers'  Association 
Honey  Producers'  Exchange 


PROBLEMS 

1.  Name  some  cooperative  marketing  associations,  in  addition  to  those  listed  above,  that  sell  products 
grown  in  your  county.    


2.   Look  through  all  the  recent  magazines  you  can  find  at  home  for  California  products  advertised  by 
our  great  marketing  associations.    Fill  in  the  blanks  below. 


Magazine 

Date 

Product 
Advertised 

Advertised  bV 

41 


LIVE   STOCK  ON  FARMS  AND  RANGES 


Alameda 
Alpine  . 
Amador 
Hutte     .     .     . 
Calaveras  . 

i  . 
Contra 

■    rlc 

ulo    . 
I 
Glenn 
Humboldt 
Imperial     . 

. 
Kern 
Kings 

Lake     .     .     . 
Lassen  . 

i  igeles  . 
Madera 
Marin    . 

•sa  . 
Mendocino 
Merced 

. 
Mono    . 
.Monterey  . 
Napa 

Nevada      .     . 
Orange 


Placer 

Plumas       .     .     . 

Riverside   . 

Sacramento 

San  Benito 

San  Bernardino  . 

S  m  Dil;;.! 

San  Francisco 

S  in  Joaquin   . 

San  Luis  Obispo 

i 
Santa  li.rbara 
Santa  Clara 
Santa  Cruz 
Shasta  .     .     .     . 
Sierra    .     .     .     . 
Siskiyou     . 
Solano  .     .     .     . 
Sonoma 

Stanislaus  .  .  . 
Sutter  .  .  .  . 
Tehama  .  .  . 
Trinity 

Tulare  .     .     .     . 
Tuolumne  . 
Ventura     .     .    . 
Yolo      .     .     .     . 
Yuba     .     .     .     . 


Totals  for  state 


. 
1 69 
1,856 

3,812 
8,418 

435 

i 
4.776 

! 

"'I 

8,2C10 

2"S 
l,56l 

50'62 

• 

5°4 
13.292 

3,845 
1,523 
7,355 
3,852 

10,035 

1 1,019 

5,219 

I 

105 

18,050 

11,820 

10,652 

10,305 

3 .445 

S22 

!2,OI  I 

14,364 

5,08. 

1,196 

20,177 

1,409 

6,388 

2.254 


Bi  1  1 
Cattle 


402,407 


19.347 

I.U7 
17.501 
■21,879 
21 .2 1  4 
10,484 
12,772 

12,097 
44. 1 03 

■9   •. 
23.212 
21.760 
119.505 
11,920 

35,9'9 
19,-05 

11,389 

22.519 

80.427 

44.072 

1,461 

52,862 

9,1 16 

6,789 

9-1 '3 

4-307 

6.^22 

10,607 

13,327 
27,928 

1  2,890 

34.644 

14-329 
62,311 

1,051 

39-951 

25.176 
2.991 

3r>-477 
},8 1 1 

42.204 

10.542 

9,865 

23,563 

5,548 
32,726 

10,731 
45,M4 
14.185 

1 1,461 
9,966 


1.229.086 


Dair\ 

Cattle 


'7,434 
310 

9,530 
1,327 

4.521 

3,880 

37-073 
8,628 

14  195 
43,165 

1 1,760 

29-943 
3,042 
4-724 

35,23S 
8,078 

35,i87 

262 

10,351 

3,756 

285 

22,213 

7,'4i 

5-657 
3-330 
3.845 
8.205 

5,169 

7,608 

11,904 

254 

31,9-7 

26,366 

'0,959 

17,213 

5-177 

2,665 

2.517 

11.436 

1  2.897 

36,242 

55,292 

8,131 

5,"04 

723 

47,401 

1-337 

3,493 

r  1,429 

3,008 


778.951 


^111 1  p 


25,812 

355 
9,964 

51,948 

27,068 

655 

10,985 

56,153 
60, 1 76 

43,542 

147,719 

41,605 

92,961 
26,200 

■4,i's5 
10,207 
5,464 
99,918 
85,005 
108,062 
30,285 
10,829 
16,500 

11,475 

178 

23,829 

4-395 
13,964 
42,637 
14,875 

3,919 

7,3'i 

4 

68,874 

1 1,609 

1,060 

3',74i 

531 

2,06 1 
23,258 

3,656 
19,093 
98,669 

2,344 

45,19' 

2,051 

9,92° 
96,598 
66,606 


2.400,151 


9,171 
128 

5,648 
2 1 ,040 

4.7" 

23-5" 

14.415 

805 

3,163 
46,45' 
22,844 

13,524 

44,839 

4.357 

33-805 

34.195 
8,198 
5,910 

38,768 

■5,'32 

23,780 

8,378 

24,061 

35.621 

4,858 

368 

23,286 

8.54' 
3,096 
6,843 

5.364 

1,027 

'5.599 

■6,373 

9,003 

20,651 

15,73' 
209 

34,284 

17,45' 

8.437 
14,356 

10.317 

26,270 

482 

11,787 

1  1,529 

22,040 

I 

",759 
20,561 

6,392 

60,828 
3,690 
8,453 

5.065 


909,272 


Chickens 


307,092 

767 

22.443 
109,815 

23,061 

5934° 

127,436 

4,662 

26,526 
307.727 
123.297 

6<).l  22 
264, 1  23 

20,946 
I25,l8o 
[31,184 

29,506 

25,521 

1,307,976 

58,463 

195,712 

10,362 

83,144 
166,959 

22,555 

2,282 

101,514 

123.535 

24,570 
1N4.401 

72,667 

6,291 

219,791 

240,632 

64,878 

191,949 

392,359 

3,19' 

290,239 

85,459 

57,258 

67,838 

219,729 

222,306 

39,406 

2,776 

37,423 

94.273 

2.986,883 

330,488 

82,672 

82,001 

9.048 

373.999 

18.020 
60.770 
8S.446 
26,635 


10,426,648 


42 


THE  FARM  ANIMALS  OF  CALIFORNIA 

California  is  one  of  the  leading  states  in  every  line  of  live-stock  production.    The  mild  winters  and 
the  abundance  of  green  feed  are  of  great  help  to  the  stockgrower  and  the  dairyman. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  What  are  the  counties  that  lead  in  the  production  of  (a)  dairy  cattle  ?   (Write  here  names  of  counties 
with  more  than  20,000.)  


(b)  beef  cattle?    (List  all  counties  with  more  than  30,000.) 


(c)  sheep?     (List  all  counties  with  more  than  75,000.) 


2.  What  great  crop  is  used  largely  to  feed  our  live  stock  ? . 

3.  The  greatest  poultry  district  in  the  state  is  around  Petaluma.    Why  is  this  a  particularly  desirable 

location  for  poultry  raising  ? 

Name  two  other  poultry  districts  of  California.  ,  . 


4.  What  is  the  total  number  of  horses  in  the  state  ? How  does  this 

compare  with  the  number  of  automobiles  ?    (See  page  60.)   Have  auto- 
mobiles led  to  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  horses  ? 

5.  Name  three  breeds  of  cattle  that  are  found  on  California  ranches.  


6.  Are  cattle  raised  more  largely  for  beef  or  for  dairy  purposes  ? 


7.  The  following  are  breeds  of  sheep  and  swine :    Cheviot,  Cotswold,  Berkshire,  Duroc-Jersey,  Shrop- 
shire, Poland-China,  Southdown.    Underline  breeds  of  sheep  in  red  and  breeds  of  swine  in  blue. 

R  43 


THE  DAIRY  PRODUCTS  OF  CALIFORNLA. 

HITTER  PRODUCTION  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  COUNTIES  OF  THE  STATE 

IT  RING  A  RECENT  YEAR 


i 

Alameda  .     .     . 
Alpine 
Amador  . 
Butte  .... 

Calaveras     .     . 
Colusa     .     .     . 
Contra  Costa     . 
Del  Norte    .     . 
Eldorado 
Fresno     . 
Glenn      .     .     . 
Humboldt     .     . 
Imperial  . 
Inyo    .... 
Kern   .... 
Kings 

Lake  .... 
Lassen     . 
Los  Angeles 
Madera    .     . 


Pounds 


Coi-M  v 

Marin    .... 
Mariposa         .     . 
Mendocino 
Merced  .... 
Modoc  .... 
Mono     .... 
Monterey   .     .     . 
Napa     .... 
Nevada .... 
Orange  .... 
Placer    .... 
Plumas  .... 
Riverside    .     .     . 
Sacramento     .     . 
San  Benito      .     . 
San  Bernardino   . 
San  Diego . 
San  Francisco 
San  Joaquin 
San  Luis  Obispo 


COI    M  V 


Pounds 


666,205 

5,000 

1  10,281 

994-7  "4 
59,848 

759-94' 

9-4.359 

1,042.542 

3",589 
3,264,092 
i,ooo,574 
6,377,5«6 
5,648,099 

303,571 
1,001,219 

4.548, '72 
389,962 
3i ',93<5 

77,959 
1,085,620 


2.519.490 

7-'s.°-4 
4,311,842 

316.480 

907,213 
622,877 
222,164 
1 2,000 
235,886 

246,393 

23,560 

1,476,780 

323-I24 
15,652 

430,95' 

2,353,oo5 
2,555,238 


San  Mateo 
Santa  Barbara 
Santa  Clara 
Santa  Cruz 
Shasta    . 
Sierra     . 
Siskiyou 
Solano  . 
Sonoma 
Stanislaus 
Sutter    . 
Tehama 
Trinity  . 
Tulare   . 
Tuolumne 
Ventura 
Yolo 
Yuba 
Total 


496,786 
402,298 
310,370 

455,389 
116,341 

344,078 
1,256,050 

715,703 

4,297,366 

6,524,986 

555,071 

35', '84 

4,685,140 

28,230 

3,800 

956.334 

442,556 

68,126,560 


VALUE  OF  DAIRY  PRODUCTS 


Products 

Butter 

Cheese 

Condensed,  evaporated,  and  powdered  milk 

Casein 

Milk  sugar,  crude  and  refined 

Market  milk,  cream,  and  ice  cream 

Skim  milk  and  buttermilk 

Curds,  lactein,  semisolid  buttermilk 

Total 


Value 


$42,136,276 

4,162,511 

11,612,926 

79', 924 

870,147 

38,946,731 

213,920 

269,923 


$99,004,358 


PROBLEMS 


1.  What  is  California's  pure-milk  law? 


2.  What  is  pasteurized  milk  ? 


44 


THE  DAIRY  PRODUCTS  OF  CALIFORNIA  (Continued) 


3.   List  below  the  eight  counties  that  lead  in  the  production  of  butter.    Write  after  the  name  of  each 
county  the  region  in  which  it  is  located. 


County 

Region 

4.  Why  do  these  counties  lead  in  dairy  proc 

Inr-t-s  ? 

5.  The  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco  and  Trinity  County  have  no  dairy  products.    Why  is  this  so  ? 

6.  What   portion  of  the  total  amount  of  butter  produced  in  California  comes  from  your  county  ? 
■ . At  the  present  market  price,  what  is 


its  value  in  dollars  ? 


7.   In  addition  to  butter,  what  are  the  other  most  valuable  dairy  products  ? 


8.  Name  the  two  breeds  of  cattle  commonly  found  on  our  dairy  farms  ? 


and 


9.   What  counties  do  you  think  supply  San  Francisco  with  milk  ? 


What  counties  supply  Los  Angeles  with  milk  ? 


Note  to  the  Teacher.  If  possible,  have  the  pupils  visit  a  dairy  farm.  If  not,  have  them  construct  a  model  of  a  dairy 
farm.  Pupils  will  be  able  to  find  a  great  deal  of  material  at  home  that  can  be  used  for  such  a  project.  A  four-foot  square  will 
usually  be  large  enough  for  this  project. 


45 


CALIFORNIA'S  LUMBER 


About  one  half  of  the  standing  timber  in  the  United  States  is  in  the  Pacific  coast  states,  and  nearly  a 
third  of  this  is  in  California.  The  following  table  shows  the  six  most  important  kinds  of  timber  in  this  state 
and  the  number  of  board  feet  of  each  cut  in  a  recent  year.  In  addition,  considerable  quantities  of  spruce, 
hemlock,  and  oak  were  cut. 

CALIFORNIA'S  CUT  OF   LUMBER    BY  COI  NTIES 


County 

Alameda     .... 

lor  .... 
Butte 

. rras  .... 
Del  Norte  .... 
Eldorado     .... 

Fresno 

Humboldt  .... 

I  nyo 

Kern 

Lake 

Lassen 

Madera 

Mariposa    .... 
Mendocino.     .     .     . 

■c 

Nevada 

Placer    

l'lumas 

Riverside     .... 
San  Bernardino    .     . 
San  Mateo.     .     . 
Santa  Cruz      .     . 

Shasta 

Sierra 

Siskiyou      .... 
Sonoma      .... 

Trinity 

Tulare 

Tuolumne  .... 

Yuba 

Totals     .... 


Douglas  Fib 


7,275-769 

300,000 

4,444,000 

2,165,175 

75,000 

31,106,729 


20,000 
2,450,000 


28,214,262 

30,000 

275,000 

8,5% '75 


300,000 
5.147,642 
7,59'-542 

15,486,231 
1 1 0,000 
1,1  23,000 
125,000 
886,937 
250,000 


1 '  5,939-462 


UN  Pink 


15-573 

i  4S,889 

1 8,940,900 

2,200,000 

19,351 

4-t('5-9Sl 
231,804 

80,000 

60,000 

245.000 

83.94r.247 

1 3,40s,  400 

22,500 

29,040.  868 

605,000 

18,326,085 

379."° 

39,128,071 

200,000 

671,477 


2,824. 763 

10,425,000 

190,521,640 

131,000 

263,020 

28,071,21 1 

1.176,816 


464,853,223 


R]  I.WOOD 


2,400 


8,054.000 

',725,430 
253,697,247 


[46,131,767 


6,500,000 

13,060,949 


159,000 

40,000 


429,370,793 


3.232.847 

1,729,079 


1,595,086 
190,744 

20,000 


1,565,409 

4.340,000 

5,500 


191,028 
42,000 

3,074,573 

40,000 


262,536 

382,000 

735,796 


170,820 

4,820,339 

105,400 


22,503,157 


.-I  GAR    PlNl 


33,588 

2,173,000 
50,000 

12,547,907 
2,564,622 


60,000 

20,600,000 
1  1,414,000 


7,53"  1    9 
60,000 


3,633,660 

13,942,405 
12,000 

212,420 

26,425,240 

8,500 


101,275,471 


White  Fir 


10,375,400 


4.301.784 

1.146,293 

905,046 

20,000 

60,000 

21,372,000 

S,  1  80,000 

3,250,000 

4,242,064 

637,1  20 

8,627,336 


1,000,000 

941,815 

625,000 
9,682,604 


397,920 

14,092,005 

4,500 


89,860,887 


On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  show  the  counties  that  produced  more  than  a  million  board  feet  of 
Douglas  fir,  western  pine,  redwood,  cedar,  sugar  pine,  and  white  fir  in  the  year  for  which  the  figures  are 
given.    Use  the  following  symbols : 

■+-  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  Douglas  fir 

X  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  western  pine 

G  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  redwood 

D  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  cedar 

©  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  sugar  pine 

®  Counties  producing  more  than  1,000,000  board  feet  of  white  fir 

Mark  the  proper  symbol  in  each  county  which  produced  more  than  a  million  board  feet  of  the  kind  of 
timber  which  the  symbol  represents. 

46  R 


123* 


47 


CALIFORNIA'S  LUMBER  (Continued) 

PROBLEMS 
(In  solving  these  problems  use  the  table  on  page  46  and  the  map  that  you  have  made  on  page  47.) 

1.   I  >f  the  lumber  cut  in  California  what  two  kinds  are  of  the  greatest  commercial  value  ?  


and 


2.   In  what  part  of  the  state  is  the  "redwood  belt  "  of  California  ? 


3.  What  four  counties  produce  more  than  a  million  board  feet  each  of  Douglas  fir,  western  pine,  cedar, 
sugar  pine,  and  white  fir  ? , , 


Is  redwood  cut  in  any  of 


these  counties  ? 


4.   Name  the  county  that  leads  in  the  production  of  each  of  the  following  kinds  of  lumber : 

Douglas  fir       Cedar  

Western  pine  Sugar  pine  

Redwood  White  fir      


5.   What  natural  regions  seem  to  lead  in  the  production  of  lumber  ? 


6.   Is  most  of  the  lumber  of  the  state  cut  in  northern  or  in  southern  California  ? 
Why?    


7.  What  can  you  say  of  the  relation  between  the  rainfall  of  California  and  the  location  of  the  chief 
lumbering  districts  ?    (Refer  to  the  map  on  page  13.) 

8.  Name  one  use  for  each  of  the  following  kinds  of  wood  : 

Douglas  fir  

Western  pine 

Redwood  

Cedar  

Sugar  pine  

White  fir 

9.  What  is  being  done  by  our  government  to  conserve  our  state  forests  ? 


48 


HOW  IMPORTANT  ARE  THE  MINERALS  OF  CALIFORNIA? 


MINERAL  PRODUCTION  IN  CALIFORNIA  IN  A  RECENT  YEAR 


Mineral 

Value 

Per  Cent 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

Gold 

$139,018,663 

'6,695,955 

2,397,610 

6,882,610 

84.5 
10. 

Other  minerals 

Silver      ....  $1,240,051 
Quicksilver.     .           1,217,077 
Magnesite    ....  677,661 
Basalt 635,588 

Limestone    ....   540,987 
Lead  and  zinc  .     .     .  261,454 

Clay 177,246 

Miscellaneous  .     .      1,569,061 

'•5 

4- 

Total 

$164,994,838 

100. 

Let  the  circle  above  represent  the  total  value  of  all  the  minerals,  or  100  per  cent.  It  is  divided  into 
parts  which  represent  the  per  cents  of  petroleum,  gold,  copper,  and  all  others.  Print  the  name  of  each 
mineral  in  its  part. 


PROBLEMS 

1.  What  important  minerals  essential  to  industry  are  not  found  in  California  ? 


2.  In  what  ways  can  this  handicap  be  overcome  ? 


3.  What  are  the  leading  mineral  products  in  your  county  ? 


4.   In  early  days,  how  was  gold  mining  carried  on  in  California  ?    (Refer  to  any  California  history.) 


5.  How  is  most  of  the  gold  mined  today  ? 


6.  Give  the  most  important  use  for  each  of  the  following  minerals  found  in  California 

Petroleum 

Gold  

Copper         . 

Quicksilver  . 


49 


WHERE  ARE  OUR  MINERALS  FOUND? 


The  table  below  shows  the  important  minerals  produced  in  the  counties  of  California  during  a  recent 
.  together  with  the  rank  of  each  county  in  the  production  of  minerals.    The  leading  mineral  product 
in  each  county  is  underlined.     Many  other  minerals  are  found  in  California,  but  their  production  at  the 
present  tune  is  not  important.    Some  of  these  are  asbestos,  iron  ore,  coal,  sulphur,  and  nitrates. 


K|VK 

rriES 

K  VSK 

Counties 

Rank 

Counties 

20 

Alameda  2,4,5,22,24,28 

30 

Mariposa  6,7,26 

36 

San  Mateo  24,29 

57 

Alpine 

51 

Mendocino  17,29 

5 

Santa   Barbara   17,  18,  19, 

21, 

8 

Amador  7,5,25,  26 

48 

Merced  20 

29,10 

23 

Butte  7,20,29 

53 

Mi  >doc 

22 

Santa  Clara  14,19,23,29 

17 

Calaveras  6,7,26 

45 

Mono  7 

15 

Santa  Cruz  3,12,13,29 

54 

i  29 

40 

Monterey  29, 10 

11 

Shasta  6,  7,12,13,  20,22 

26, 

19 

Contra  Costa  3,5,29 

35 

Napa  3,14,17,23 

29,31 

55 

Del  Norte  7,29 

9 

Nevada  7,26 

33 

Sierra  7 

39 

irado  7,13,27 

2 

Orange  6,10,18,19 

24 

Siskiyou  7,  17,26,29 

4 

Fresno  8,18,19,29 

29 

Placer  4,5,7,8,26 

18 

Solano  3,17,18,23,29 

44 

Glenn  29 

16 

l'lumas  6,  7,26 

34 

Sonoma  4,  14,  17,23,29 

47 

Humboldt  2,7,29 

13 

Riverside  2,3,5,6,8,9,15,17, 

25 

Stanislaus  4,15,29 

41 

Imperial  29 

25,29 

58 

Sutter 

12 

Inyo  1,6,7,11,26,31,28 

14 

Sacramento  5,7,  29 

52 

Tehama  4 

1 

Kern  2,7,  18,19,24,26,30 

21 

San  Benito  3,23,17,  29 

26 

Trinity  7 

46 

Kings  23 

6 

San  Bernardino  3,  6,  7,  9,  17, 

32 

Tulare  2,13,14,29 

49 

Lake  17,23 

21,26,  27,30,31 

27 

Tuolumne  7,12,13,26 

56 

Lassen 

31 

San  Diego  5,8,24,29 

10 

Ventura  18, 19 

3 

Los  Angeles  2,  5, 17, 18,19,  29 

43 

San  Francisco  29 

50 

Yolo  23,  29 

4.' 

Madera  6,7,8,26 

28 

San  Joaquin  2,  7, 15,  29 

/ 

Yuba  7,20,26,29 

37 

Marin  29 

38 

San  Luis  Obispo  4,  19,  29,  10 

Key  to  the  Nimbers 


1,  borax 

2,  brick  and  tile 

3,  cement 

4,  chromite 


5,  clay 

6,  copper 

7,  gold 

8,  granite 


9.  gypsum 

10,  infusorial  earth 

1 1 ,  lead 

12,  lime 


13,  limestone 

14,  magnesite 

15,  manganese 

16,  marble 


17,  mineral  water 

18,  natural  gas 

19,  petroleum 

20,  platinum 


21,  potash  25,  silica  29,  stone  (mis- 

22,  pyrite  26,  silver  cellaneous) 

23,  quicksilver  27,  soapstonc  30,  tungsten 

24,  salt  28,  soda  31,  zinc 


PROBLEMS 

1 .  On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  write  the  name  of  the  leading  mineral  product  in  each  county. 

2.  List  below  the  six  counties  that  lead  in  the  production  of  minerals,  and  write  after  each  the  name 
of  the  most  important  mineral  found  in  the  county. 


Counties 

Mineral 

5° 


CALIFORNIA 


* 


PETROLEUM,  OUR  LEADING  MINERAL  PRODUCT 


The  United  States  produces  more  than  two  thirds  of  the  petroleum  of  the  world.    The  leading  states 
in  its  production  are  Oklahoma,  California,  and  Texas. 

CALIFORNIA'S  RANK:  IN  THE  PRODUCTION  OF  PETROLEUM  IN  A  RECENT  YEAR 
Complete  the  graph.  Scale:  10,000,000  barrel; 


\TE 

llAKKELS 

A  barrel  =  42  gallons 

105,725,000 

103,377,361 

g6,O00,000 

38,501,000 

35,649,000 

17,071,000 

10,772,000 

PRODUCTION  OF  OIL  BY  COUNTIES 


Complete  the  graph. 


Scale  :   5,000,000  barrels 


County 

Barrels 

Kern 

50,660,438 

1         1         1         1         i         !         1         1 

Orange 

15.462,741 

Fresno 

15-375.454 

14,026,536 

5.8o3.583 

All  others 

2,048,609 

Total 

'OjJ77j6i 

These  counties  are  designated  as  "All  others  "  : 

Barrels  Produced 

Ventura 1,989,681 

San  Luis  Obispo 42.511 

Santa  Clara 16,095 

San  Mateo 322 

52 


PETROLEUM,  OUR  LEADING  MINERAL  PRODUCT  (Continued) 

PROBLEMS 
1.  How  does  California  rank  among  the  states  in  the  production  of  petroleum  ?    


2.  In  the  space  below  write  in  order  of  production  the  names  of  the  six  leading  petroleum-producing 
counties  of  California.  Opposite  each  one  write  its  rank  among  the  counties  in  the  production  of  minerals 
as  a  whole.    Refer  to  the  table  on  page  50. 


County 

Mineral  Rank 

County 

Mineral  Rank 

» 

3.  How  do  the  five  leading  petroleum-producing  counties  rank  in  the  production  of  minerals  as  a  whole  ? 


4.  In  what  natural  regions  is  most  of  the  petroleum  found  ? 


5.  The  oil  is  carried  in  railroad  tank  cars  or  is  pumped  from  the  fields  through  pipe  lines  to  Richmond, 
Los  Angeles,  Martinez,  Fresno,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Monterey,  Bakersfield,  and  other  cities,  where  it  is  refined. 
It  is  then  shipped  abroad  or  sold  in  California  and  other  states.  What  is  meant  by  the  refining  of  petroleum  ? 


6.  What  is  a  tank  farm  ? 


7.  Where  are  some  of  the  California  tank  farms  located  ? 


8.  What  are  some  of  the  important  products  obtained  from  our  California  petroleum  ? 


9.  What  is  the  usual  depth  of  an  oil  well  ? 
10.  What  oil  field  is  nearest  your  home  ?   


11.  At  an  average  price  of  $1.73  a  barrel,  what  was  the  total  value  of  the  oil  produced  in  California  dur- 
ing the  year  for  which  the  figures  are  given  on  the  opposite  page  ?   

R  S3 


CALIFORNIA  THE  GOLDEN 

It  was  the  discovery  of  gold  in  [848  ih.it  led  to  the  settlement  of  California  by  Americans.  Many 
thousands  of  nun  made  their  way  across  the  plains  or  came  by  sea  to  California  in  the  hope  of  gaining 
wealth  from  the  gold  diggings.    These  settlers  were  called  the  "  forty-niners." 

Gold  is  no  longer  one  of  the  most  important  products  of  the  state,  but  California  still  leads  all  other 
-  in  its  production.    From  [848  to  1919  California  produced  a  total  of  Si, 706, 546,203  in  gold. 

In  a  recent  year  the  gold  production  by  counties  was  as  follows: 


Am.. 
Bum 
Calaveras 
Dei  Norte 
Eldorado 
Fresno  . 
Humboldt 
Inyo 
Kern      . 


',492 

37* 

1.;  50.574 

867 

30,121 

69,560 

300 
'7.705 


Mariposa 
Modoc 
Mono . 

la    ■ 
Orange     .     . 
Placer      .     . 
Plumas 
Riverside 
Sacramento  . 
San  Bernardino 
San  Diego    .     . 


1  <;tion 


5^53.39- 

6,478 

29,428 

2,981,312 

1  70,609 

83,600 

213 

'.714,193 
39.769 

1,47° 


1  OUNTV 


1 

Sierra . 
Siskiyou  . 
Trinity     .     . 
Tuolumne 
Yuba  .     .     . 
Merced 
San  Joaquin 
Stanislaus 
Total  .     '. 


I'Kolin    HON 


*37S.2,S3 

301,172 

226,525 

53'v 
471.021 

4,195.732 
162,471 


^"6,695,955 


About  half  of  this  gold  came  from  deep  mines.    Most  of  the  remainder  was  secured  by  the  use  of 
gold  dredges. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  What  counties  led  in  the  production  of  gold  in  the  year  for  which  the  figures  are  given?    Write 
the  names  of  the  counties  that  produced  gold  worth  $1,000,000  or  more.    . 


2.    Are  most  of  the  gold-producing  counties  increasing  in  population  ?    (Refer  to  the  map  on  page  19.) 
Why?     


3.   Where  was  gold  first  discovered  in  California,  and  by  whom  ? 


4.  Compare  the  value  of  California's  gold  production  with  that  of  Alaska,  Colorado,  and  South  Dakota 
( 'otnplete  the  graph.  Scale  :  $2,000,000 


State 


\  in  1 


California 


Colorado 


Alaska 


South  I  • 


$16,695,955 


10,249,300 


9,963,500 


5,289.700 


54 


THE  "WHITE  COAL"  OF  CALIFORNIA 

1.  In  many  places  in  the  mountains  of  California  the  water  from  the  rainfall  and  the  melting  snows 
is  collected  and  stored  in  immense  reservoirs.  From  these  reservoirs  it  is  taken  down  the  steep  mountain 
sides  in  mammoth  pipes  to  power  plants,  where  it  is  made  to  turn  water  wheels.  The  power  of  this  rusrr- 
ing  water  is  so  great  that  the  wheels  are  able  to  run  great  generators  for  the  purpose  of  developing 
electricity.  From  the  power  plants  the  electricity  is  sent  by  transmission  lines  all  over  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  is  used  for . 

,  and 

2.  A  few  years  ago  these  same  generators  were  run  by  steam  power.  What  kind  of  fuel  do  you 
think  the  power  plants  used  at  that  time  ?    

3.  Give  two  reasons  to  show  why  water  power,  or  white  coal,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  should 
be  used  in  California  in  place  of  steam  power  for  generating  electricity.    


4.  Following  is  a  list  of  the  twelve  great  power  companies  in  California : 

Southern  California  Edison  Company  Coast  Valleys  Gas  and  Electric  Company 

San  Diego  Consolidated  Gas  and  Electric  Company  San  Joaquin  Light  and  Power  Company 

Southern  Sierras  Power  Company  Western  States  Gas  and  Electric  Company 

Pacific  Gas  and  Electric  Company  Great  Western  Power  Company 

Los  Angeles  City  Snow  Mountain  Water  and  Power  Company 

California  Oregon  Power  Company  County  and  City  of  San  Francisco 

5.  Does  any  one  of  these  companies  furnish  you  with  electricity  ?    If  so,  write  its  name  here. 


6.  The  map  in  the  front  of  this  book  shows  the  locations  of  the  larger  hydroelectric  power  plants  in 
California.    What  rivers  are  used  most  extensively  for  the  development  of  hydroelectric  power  ? 


7.  In  what  natural  regions  do  the  sources  of  these  rivers  lie? 


8.  What  is  the  average  annual  rainfall  in  these  regions  ?    From  to 

inches.    (Refer  to  the  map  on  page  13.) 


9.  During  the  fall  of  1920  many  cities  were  asked  to  economize  in  the  use  of  electricity.    Explain  the 

reason  for  this  request. 

—    Has  the  same  necessity  occurred  this  year?  

R  55 


IS  CALIFORNIA  A  GREAT  MANUFACTURING  STATE  ? 

The  factors  necessary  for  manufacturing  are  raw  materials,  power  and  fuel,  transportation  facilities, 
markets,  labor,  capital,  and  a  healthful  climate.    Discuss  the  relation  of  each  to  manufacturing. 

PROBLEMS 

1.   Has  California  the  necessary  factors  for  manufacturing?    (Review  your  previous  lessons  and  fill  in 
the  blanks  below  with  suitable  words.) 

a.  California  has  the  following  raw  materials :  


b.  California  has  little  or  no  coal.    Upon  what  resources  can  she  depend  for  power  and  fuel  ? 


c.  California  enjoys  good  railroad  transportation  to  the  following  states  and  countries : 


d.  The  following  states  and  countries  are  easily  reached  by  water  from  California  : 


e.  The  following  countries  offer  good  markets  for  California  products  : 


f.  California  has 
cities.    Labor  is 


people,  more  than  two  thirds  of  whom  live  in  the 


Is  the  population  increasing  ? 


g.  California  is  a  rich  state,  with 


to  invest  in  manufacturing. 


h.  The  climate  of  California  offers 


working  conditions. 


2.   In  the  spaces  below  write  the  names  of  the  chief  manufactured  products  of  each  city  listed. 


City 
San  Francisco 
Los  Angeles 
Oakland  .  . 
Berkeley 
Sacramento  . 
Richmond 


Products  Manufactured 


56 


CALIFORNIA  LEADS  IN  CANNING  AND  PRESERVING  FRUITS 

AND  VEGETABLES 

(Figures  are  for  a  recent  year) 


Dried  Fruit 

Tons 

Canned  Fruit 

24-QUART 
Cases 

Canned  Vegetables 

24-QUART 
Cases 

Apricots 

Figs 

5,000 
10,750 
1 1,500 
25,000 
25,000 

2,500 

95,000 

185,000 

Blackberries     .... 

Loganberries    .... 
Olives 

Strawberries     .... 
Other  fruits      .... 

9,041 
2,312,020 

•61,359 
647,977 
114,886 
14,267 
300,000 

6,753,i98 
1,184,288 

164,740 

5,525 
•5,562 

Chilies  and  Pimentos 
Kraut 

Pumpkin 

String  Beans    .... 

Tomatoes  and 

Tomato  products    .     . 
Other  vegetables  .     .     . 

Total 

1,024,813 

400,000 

20,000 

366,679 

I  50,000 

685,228 

75,000 

99,269 

Total 

359,750 

2,000 

2,691,841 
382,1 16 

11,682,863 

5,896,946 

PROBLEMS 
1.  Why  are  California  canned  fruits  and  vegetables  in  demand  all  over  the  world? 


3.  What  are  the  most  important  canned  fruits  ? 


2.    Where  is  the  leading  prune  rlkrrirt  nf  the  stare  ? 

Where  is  the  leading  pearh  Hisfrirf  ? 

What  are  the  most  important  dried  fruits 


What  are  the  most  important  canned  vegetables 


4.  In  what  natural  regions  are  the  California  fruits  dried  ? 


5. 

Tell  how  California  fruit 

is  dried. 

6. 

Why  is 

it  possible  to  dry 

fruits  in 

this 

way 

in 

California 

and  not 

in 

other  states  ? 

57 


RAILROAD  TRIPS  IN  CALIFORNIA 


On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  trace  the  principal  railroads  of  the  state  and  write  on  each  road  the 
abbreviation  of  its  name.  These  railroads  are  indicated  on  the  map  in  the  front  of  this  book.  Refer  also 
to  folders  issued  by  the  railroad  companies  and  to  a  railroad  map. 

Tell  below  how  you  would  travel  by  railroad  between  the  places  named. 


To 

On  Railroad  or  Railroads 

Number  of  Mills 

San  Francisco 

Los  Angeles  . 
San  Diego 
San  Francisco 
Kidding 

i  lakland    .     . 
Stockton 
Vallejo  • 
Truckee     .     . 
Los  Angeles  . 
Modesto 
Turlock     .     . 

Fresno    . 

Eureka  . 

■  alexico . 

Oroville  . 

1  lakersfield 

Chico 

Santa  Rosa 

San  Jose 

Santa  Cruz 

Chico 

San  Diego 

\ico 

your  home 

San  Francisco 
Los  Angeles  . 

Your  home 

Your  home 

.   Sacramento    . 

Los  Angeles 

Yosemite  Valley 
Lake  Tahoe    . 

San  Francisco 

PROBLEMS 
1.  Over  what  railroads  could  you  ship  goods  (a)  from  Los  Angeles  to  Chicago  ? 


(b)  from  Los  Angeles  to  Salt  Lake  City  ? 
Francisco  to  New  York  ?    


(c)  from  San 


(</)  from  Oakland  to 


Seattle  ? 


2.  What  natural  regions  in  California  have  the  most  railroads  ? 


3.  What  fuel  is  used  by  the  railroads  in  California  ? 


4.  Study  the  population  map  on  page  21.    Are  more  railroads  found  in  the  populous  regions  or  in  the 

thinly-settled  regions  ? . 

5» 


-U£l 


CALIFORNIA 


59 


MOTOR  TRIPS 

California  is  truly  a  paradise  for  motorists.  In  proportion  to  population  more  automobiles  are  used  here 
than  in  any  other  state.    In  a  recent  year  645,522  automobiles  were  registered  in  California,  or  one  for 

every persons  in  the  state.    One  of  the  greatest  attractions  that  we  have  to  offer 

to  the  tourist  is  our  hundreds  of  miles  of  paved  highways.    One  may  travel  all  the  way  from  the  Oregon 
line  to  the  Mexican  border  over  paved  boulevards. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  Draw  our  main  state  highways  on  the  map  on  the  opposite  page. 

2.  Plan  at  least  one  of  the  following  trips.  Indicate  your  route  on  the  map  by  placing  arrows  along  the 
highway  over  which  you  would  travel. 

I     >m  San  Francisco  to  San  Diego.    Follow  the  coast  route  going  and  the  valley  route  returning. 

From  San  Francisco  to  Redding.  Follow  the  east  side  of  the  Sacramento  Valley  going  and  the  west 
side  returning. 

From  Los  Angeles  to  the  Imperial  Valley.  Go  by  way  of  Redlands,  thence  across  the  desert ;  return 
via  Fl  Centro  and  San  Diego. 

From  Fresno  to  Vosemite  Valley.   In  going  follow  the  W'awona  route  ;  return  via  the  Big  Oak  Flat  road. 

From  Sacramento  to  Lake  Tahoe.    In  going  follow  the  Truckee  route  ;  return  via  Placerville. 

From  your  home  to  any  place  that  you  wish  to  visit. 

3.  For  your  first  trip  fill  in  the  following  log.    Make  a  new  log  for  each  trip  you  take. 
From to  

Important  cities  and  towns  visited  :  


Natural  regions  passed  through  : 


Counties  passed  through : 


Interesting  things  observed 


Approximate  mileage  traveled  : 


Note  to  the  Teacher.  California  offers  unlimited  possibilities  for  motor  trips.  Plan  additional  trips  and  have  the 
children  indicate  each  journey  on  the  map  and  prepare  a  log  for  each  trip. 

Automobile  tour  books  will  be  very  valuable  for  this  work.  Many  of  the  leading  newspapers  of  the  state  publish  tours  which 
may  be  had  for  the  asking. 

60  R 


115 


CALIFORNIA 


123" 


6l 


THE  PLAYGROUND  OF  THE  NATION 

1.  The  citizens  of  California  have  unlimited  opportunities  for  out-of-door  recreation  and  rest.  One 
fourth  of  the  entire  state  is  reserved  for  public  playgrounds.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  tourists  and 
visiters  come  to  California  every  year  from  other  states  and  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

2.  California  has  four  national  parks,  six  national  monuments,  two  state  parks,  and  twenty  national 
its.    Their  names  and  locations  are  given  in  the  lists  below. 

\  mONAL    PARKS 

Yosemite  National  Park,  in  Mariposa,  Mono,  Madera,  and      General  Grant  National  Park,  in  Tulare  and  Fresno 

Tuolumne  counties  counties 

Stquoia  National  Park,  in  Tulare  County  Lassen    Volcanic   National   Park,    in    Lassen,    Shasta, 

Tehama,  and  Plumas  counties 

NATIONAL  MONUMENTS 

Cinder  Cone  National  Monument,  in  Shasta  County  Deril  Postpile  National  Monument,  in  Madera  County 

'/    Peak  National  Monument,  at   the   point  where  Pinnacles  National  Monument,  in  San  Benito  County 

sen,  Plumas,  Shasta,  and    Tehama  counties  meet  CetbriUo  National  Monument,  in  San  Diego  County 
Muir  Woods  National  Monument,  in  Marin  County 

STATE   PARKS 
'ark,  in  Contra  Costa  County  California  Redwood  Park,  in  Santa  Cruz  County 

NATIONAL   FORESTS 

Angeles  National  Forest,  in  Los  Angeles  and  San  Bernar-  Plumas  National  Forest,  in  Plumas,  Butte,  and  Lassen 
dino  counties  counties 

mia  National  Forest,  in  Mendocino,  Glenn,  Colusa,  Santa   Barbara   National  Forest,   in   San   Luis  Obispo, 
and  Lake  counties  Santa  Barbara,  Ventura,  and  Los  Angeles  counties 

Cleveland  National  Forest,  in  Orange,  Riverside,  Imperial,  Sequoia   National  Forest,  in  Fresno,  Tulare,  and   Kern 
and  San  Diego  counties  counties 

National  Forest,    in    Modoc   County   (mostly   in  Shasta  National  Forest,  in  Siskiyou,  Shasta,  and  Trinity 
Oregon)  counties 

Eldorado  National  Forest,  in  Eldorado  County  Sierra  National  Forest,  in  Mariposa,  Madera,  and  Fresno 
Inyo  National  Forest,  in  Inyo  County  counties 

Klamath   National  Forest,   in    Siskiyou,   Humboldt,   and  Siskiyou  National  Forest,  in  Siskiyou  County,  extending 

Del  Norte  counties  into  Oregon 

Lassen  National  Forest,  in  Shasta  and  Lassen  counties  Stanislaus  National  Forest,  in  Calaveras,  Alpine,  Tuo- 
Modoc  National  Forest,  in  Modoc  and  Lassen  counties  lumne,  and  Mariposa  counties 

National  Forest,  in  Alpine  and  Mono  counties  Tahoe  National  Forest,  in  Sierra,  Butte,  Yuba,  Nevada, 
rey  National  Forest,  in  Monterey  and  San  Benito  and  Placer  counties 

counties  Trinity  National  Forest,  in  Trinity  and  Humboldt  counties 

3.  On  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  draw  the  outline  of  each  of  the  national  parks  and  shade  its 
area  lightly.  (Refer  to  the  map  in  the  front  of  this  book.)  Indicate  the  location  of  each  national  monu- 
ment by  a  square  (□),  and  the  location  of  each  state  park  by  a  circle  (O).  Put  a  cross  (x)  in  each 
county  that  has  one  or  more  national  forests.    If  possible,  use  a  green  pencil. 

4.  Among  the  popular  coast  resorts  of  California  are  the  following:  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Barbara, 
Ventura,  Venice,  Long  Beach,  \j&  Jolla,  Coronado,  Carmel,  Pisma,  Santa  Monica,  and  Santa  Catalina 
Island.    Indicate  the  location  of  each  one  by  a  dot  on  your  map. 

62  R 


CALIFORNIA 


63 


THE  PLAYGROUND  OF  THE  NATION  (Continued) 

PROBLEMS 
1.  In    whit     natural    region    are    the    Yosemite,    Sequoia,    and     General    Grant    national    parks  ? 


2.  In  what  natural  region  is  the  Lassen  Volcanic  National  Park  ? 

3.  In  what  natural  region  are  most  of  the  national  forests  ?  


Some  of  the  cities  of  California  have  established  camps  for  their  citizens  in  the  national  forests.  Only 
iits  of  the  cities  operating  the  camps  are  eligible  as  guests.  On  account  of  the  low  cost  of  the  out- 
ing each  person  is  required  to  render  an  average  of  one  hour's  service  per  day  for  the  length  of  his  stay. 
In  1920  four  such  camps  were  operated  in  California,  —  two  by  the  city  of  Los  Angeles  and  one  each 
by  Sacramento  and  Oakland. 

Anyone  is  permitted  to  camp  in  the  national  forests  and  to  fish  and  hunt  there  during  the  legal 
seasons.  Plan  a  vacation  trip  in  one  of  the  national  forests.  Tell  how  you  would  get  there,  where  you 
would  camp,  and  what  you  would  do  for  amusement. 

4.  Why  is  California  called  the  playground  of  the  nation  ?    


5.   Why  is  it  important  that  California  should  encourage  tourists  to  visit  the  state  ? 


6.  In  the  space  below  make  a  "  Strangers'  Directory."  In  the  first  column  write  the  names  of  ten 
places  that  every  visitor  to  California  ought  to  see.  Opposite  each  one,  in  the  second  column,  give  the 
things  of  special  interest  to  be  seen  there. 

STRANGERS'  DIRECTORY 

Place  Interesting  Things  to  See 

1.  

2.  

3.  

4- 

5- 

6 

7 

8.  . 

9.  _  

10. 


64 


THE  GREAT  CITIES  OF  CALIFORNIA 

In  the  space  below  make  a  list  of  the  twelve  cities  in  California  that  had  a  population  of  over  25,000 
in  1920.  Write  after  each  its  population  in  1920  and  in  19 10.  Figure  out  the  increase  in  the  population 
of  each  city  since  19 10  and  write  the  numbers  in  the  last  column. 


City 

Population  in  1920 

Population  in  1910 

Increase 

PROBLEMS 

1 .  How  many  of  these  cities  are  located  on  the  coast  ? 


2.  Which  one  is  located  several  miles  inland  and  yet  is  an  important  seaport  ? 

3.  What  two  are  river  ports  ? , 


4.  What  ones  are  located  in  the  midst  of  important  fruit-growing  regions  ? 


5.  What  three  cities  have  shown  the  greatest  increase  in  population  since  1910  ? 


6.  Name  the  California  cities  that  are  among  the  one  hundred  largest  cities  of  the  United  States. 
(Refer  to  page  80  of  this  book.)  ,  , 


7.  Los  Angeles  ranks 
Francisco  ranks 

R 


among  the   cities  of  the   United  States,  and   San 


65 


SAN  FRANCISCO  AND  THE  METROPOLITAN  DISTRICT  AROUND 

SAN  FRANCISCO  BAY 

San  Francisco  and  the  other  cities  that  border  on  San  Francisco  Bay  have  a  combined  population  of 
over  1,000,000. 

On  the  opposite  page  make  a  map  of  the  San  Francisco  Bay  Region.  Draw  the  boundaries  of  the 
principal  cities  that  border  on  the  bay  and  name  each  one.  Indicate  the  harbors,  rivers,  railroad  trunk 
lines,  principal  highways,  and  two  great  universities. 

San  Francisco  owes  its  prosperity,  first,  to  the  size  and  magnificence  of  its  harbor,  —  the  largest  and 
finest  port  on  the  Pacific  coast;  second,  to  the  richness  of  its  adjoining  territory  and  the  open  waterways 
leading  into  it;  and,  third,  to  its  convenience  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

San  Francisco  is  one  of  the  leading  cities  of  the  West  in  variety  and  value  of  manufactured  products, 
and  it  takes  first  rank  among  all  the  Western  cities  in  foreign  trade.  Some  of  the  principal  industries  of 
San  Francisco  are  printing  and  publishing,  canning  and  preserving,  meat-packing,  and  iron  and  steel 
manufacturing. 

PROBLEMS 
1.   Give  two  reasons  why  San  Francisco  leads  the  West  in  foreign  trade.    


2.  Give  five  reasons  why  it  is  a  great  manufacturing  center. 


3.   What  two  inland  waterways  connect  San  Francisco  with  the  great  interior  valleys  ? 


What  is  the  general  character  of  the  cargoes  carried  by 

the  river  boats  to  San  Francisco  ?    ;  from  San  Francisco 

to  the  interior  ?   

4.   Name   three  great  transcontinental   railroads   that  have  their  terminals   on   San    Francisco   Bay. 


5.   Name  two  steamship  lines  plying  between  San  Francisco  and  coast  ports. 


6.   Name  four  steamship  lines  plying  between  San  Francisco  and  foreign  ports. 


7.   Name  two  important  industries  of  each  of  the  following  cities 

Oakland      

Berkeley     

Alameda     

Richmond  


66 


MAP  OF  THE  SAN  FRANCISCO  BAY  REGION 


67 


LOS  ANGELES,  THE  LARGEST  CITY  IN  THE  WEST 

In    1900  Los  Angeles   had  a  population  of  approximately    102,000.    If  you   multiply    102,000  by 
,  you  will  obtain  its  approximate  population  today.    Los  Angeles  is  the 


largest  city  in  the  United  States. 

I  In  the  opposit.  draw  a  map  of  Los  Angeles  County,  indicating  the  principal  towns,  harbors, 

valleys,  and  highways,  the  railroad  trunk  lines,  and  two  important  colleges. 

The  early  settlers  came  to  Los  Angeles  to  enjoy  its  mild,  pleasant  climate  and  its  beautiful  scenery, 
but  in  recent  years  the  city  has  become  a  great  manufacturing  center.  Almost  three  thousand  factories  are 
in  operation  in  the  county.  Some  of  the  most  important  industries  are  the  production  of  moving  pictures, 
the  manufacture  of  clothing,  iron  and  steel,  furniture,  automobile  bodies,  food  products,  and  brick  and  clay 
products,  printing  and  publishing,  and  shipbuilding. 


PROBLEMS 
1.    Name  three  industrial  products  of  Los  Angeles. 


2.  Why  has  Los  Angeles  become  a  large  industrial  center? 


3.   What  facilities  has  it  for  shipping  its  products  by  rail  ? 


How  can  it  ship  its  products  by  water  ? 


4.  What  effect  has  irrigation  had  upon  the  development  of  Los  Angeles  ? 


5.  What  is  the  Owens  River  project,  and  what  has  its  completion  meant  to  Los  Angeles  ? 


6.  Why   do  Los   Angeles  and  the    other   cities  of   southern   California   attract   so  many  tourists  ? 

7.  Why    is   Los  Angeles  the  leading   city    in  the   world    in   the    production    of   moving  pictures  ? 

8.  Name  some  of  the  residence  districts  in  and  near  Los  Angeles  that  are  noted  for  their  beautiful 
homes.    . 

9.  What  important  mineral  product  is  obtained  in  Los  Angeles  City  ? <. 

68  r 


MAP  OF  LOS  ANGELES   COUNTY 


69 


SCHOOL  DAYS  IN  CALIFORNIA 

Boys  and  girls  who  go  to  school  in  California  are  fortunate  indeed.  Experts  who  have  made  a  study 
of  the  schools  in  all  the  states  tell  us  thai  ours  are  surpassed  by  those  of  no  other  state  in  the  Union.  Let 
us  see  just  why  we  rank  so  high. 

i.  Teachers  arc  well  paid  and  well  trained. 

2.  All  schools  are  in  session  at  least  i(>o  days  in  each  year,  as  required  by  law;  and  the  majority  of 
them  are  in  session  for  a  somewhat  longer  period.    • 

3.  The  people  of  California  give  great  sums  of  money  for  the  support  of  their  schools. 

4.  In  both  cities  and  rural  communities  beautiful,  modern  school  buildings  are  fast  displacing  the  old, 
obsolete  structures. 

5.  The  county  libraries  help  the  schools  greatly  by  supplying  them  with  books  for  home  reading, 
supplementary  books,  maps,  globes,  periodicals,  music  records  and  rolls,  stereographs,  stereoscopes,  slides, 
pictures,  and  charts. 

The  people  of  California,  realizing  that  the  boys  and  girls  of  today  will  be  the  men  and  women  of 
tomorrow,  are  doing  all  in  their  power  to  make  it  possible  for  them  to  become  useful  and  intelligent 
citizens. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  On  the  map  opposite  show  the  location  of  each  state  teachers  college  by  a  square  (□).  Locate  and 
name  the  other  educational  institutions  listed  below.   Underline  in  red  the  school  that  you  expect  to  attend. 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS   DEPENDING  ON  THE  STATE  FOR  SUPPORT 


Nam  b 

Loc  a 

Nam  r: 

LOI  A  1  ION 

San  I  liego 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 

Santa  Barbara 

University  of  California,  Southern  Branch 

Los  Angeles 

State  Teachers  College 

Fresno 

University  of  California,  Branch  of  the 

San  Jose 

College  of  Agriculture 

Davis 

San  Francisco 

California  Polytechnic  School 

San  Luis  Obispo 

State  Teachers  College 

Chico 

Berkeley 

Teachers  College 

Areata 

State  School  for  the  Blind      .... 

Berkeley 

PRIVATE   UNIVERSITIES  AND  COLLEGES 


Name 

Location 

Name 

Lo     ITION 

Leland  Stanford  Junior  University     .     . 

Mills  College  (for  women) 

University  of  Southern  California      .     . 

College  of  the  Pacific 

University  of  Santa  Clara 

Palo  Alto 
Oakland 
Los  Angeles 
Claremont 
San  Jose 
Los  Angeles 
Santa  Clara 

California  Institute  of  Technology   .     . 

St.  Mary's  College 

College  of  the  Holy  Name      .... 

Pasadena 

Redlands 

Oakland 

San  Francisco 

Oakland 

San  Rafael 

2.   What  is  a  junior  high  school  ? 
Is  there  one  in  your  district  ?    


What  is  a  junior  college  ? 


What  one  is  nearest  your  home  ? 
7° 


— , __ 

o 


119' 


, , 

0  N 


CALIFORNIA 


71 


OUR  OCEAN  AND  ITS  TRADE  ROUTES 

One  of  the  great  advantages  of  California  is  its  location  on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  This  location  offers 
almost  unlimited  possibilities  for  the  development  of  trade  and  commerce  by  sea.  At  the  back  of  this  book 
is  a  map  showing  the  more  important  trade  routes  of  the  Pacific.  Study  this  map  carefully  and  answer  the 
questions  and  problems  below. 


PROBLEMS 


1.  The  three  leading  seaports  of  California  are 


and 


2.  Which  of  these  ports  is  nearest  Honolulu? 


3.  In  the  table  below,  ten  Pacific  trade  routes  are  indicated.  Figure  out  the  number  of  miles  a  ship 
must  travel  in  following  each  one,  and  the  number  of  days  that  each  trip  would  require.  Refer  to  the  map 
at  the  back  of  the  book  for  the  distances  between  ports  of  call.  Calculate  the  number  of  days  needed  for 
each  trip  if  the  vessel  made  15  nautical  miles  per  hour. 


Route 

Miles 

Days 

Los  Angeles  — *■  Honolulu  — *■  Midway  Islands  — >■  Yokohama 

_ 

4.  The  distance  from  Punta  Arenas  to  New  York  is  6947  miles.    What  is  the  total  distance  from  San 

Francisco  to  New  York  by  way  of  Punta  Arenas? ;  by  way  of  the  Panama  Canal? 

, How  many  miles  are  saved  by  using  the  Panama  Canal  route  ?   


5.  The  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  newspapers  publish  the  shipping  news  each  day.    Get  a 
recent  copy  of  one  of  these  papers  and  fill  in  the  following  blanks. 
Date:  ,  192 Port  of 


Number  of  ships  arriving  from  American  ports  : 
Number  of  ships  sailing  for  American  ports :  


. ;   from  foreign  ports : 


;  for  foreign  ports  : 


72 


THE  FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  CALIFORNIA 

PROBLEMS 

1.  Make  a  list  of  ten  things  used  in  your  home  that  come  from  foreign  countries,  and  name  the 
country  from  which  each  one  comes. 


Article 

Country 

Article 

Country 

2.  Make  a  list  of  ten  California  products,  and  name  a  country  to  which  each  might  be  shipped. 


Product 

Country 

Product 

Country 

3.  Two  products  brought  to  California  from  Japan  are  

4.  Two  products  brought  to  California  from  Hawaii  are 

5.  We  import and 

6.  We  import and 

7.  We  import from  Mexico. 

8.  We  export  to  South  America  

9.  We  export 


and 
and 


from  the  Philippine  Islands, 
from  South  America. 


to  China. 


10.  Our  two  most  important  exports  to  Australia  are  - 

11.  Our  two  most  important  imports  from  Australia  are 


and 
and 


12.   Do  manufactured  goods  or  raw  materials  form  the  greater  part  of  our  exports  ? 

;  of  our  imports  ? 

R  73 


THE  FUTURE  OF  CALIFORNIA 

In  our  study  of  the  population  of  California  we  found  that  the  number  of  people  in  the  state  is 
increasing  rapidly.  California  will  continue  to  grow,  for  it  can  support  many  more  millions  of  people. 
The  population  in  1920  was  nearly  three  times  as  great  as  the  population  in  1890.  If  it  increases  at  the 
same  rate  during  the  next  thirty  years,  the  population  will  be  . jn  1950. 

In  order  that  all  these  people  may  be  prosperous  and  happy,  even  a  rich  state  like  California  should 
plan  carefully  for  the  future.  All  our  great  resources  should  be  conserved,  that  the  state  may  always 
be  rich  and  prosperous.  The  climate  will  continue  to  be  the  same,  but  some  of  our  resources  may  be  lost 
if  they  are  used  extravagantly. 

PROBLEMS 

1.  Tell  in  a  few  words  how  the  following  resources  should  be  used  in  order  to  prevent  waste  and  to 
make  sure  that  they  will  be  available  in  future  \< 


a.  Soils  : 


/>.    Forests : 


c.  Petroleum  (oil) : 


d.  Minerals  : 


2.  How  could  our  water  supplies  be  used  to  greater  advantage  ? 
a.  For  farming :  


b.  For  manufacturing : 


3.   How  would  the  people  of  California  be  benefited  if  we  manufactured   more  of  the  goods  that 
we  use  ? 


74 


1.  There  are 


THE  COUNTIES  OF  CALIFORNIA 

(Refer  to  the  table  on  page  78  and  to  a  map  of  the  state) 

counties  in  California. 


2.  In  area,  the  largest  county  is 


In    population,    the    largest   county   is 


;   the   smallest  is 


;    the    smallest    is 


3.  How  many  counties  border  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  ? 

4.  These  counties  border  on  Oregon  :     


5.  How  many  counties  border  on  Nevada  ? 

6.  These  counties  border  on  Arizona :    


7.  These  counties  border  on  Lower  California  (Mexico) : 


8.  One  county  is  entirely  in  one  city  and  has  a  combined  city  and  county  government.    This   is 


9.  Compare  the  areas  of  some  of  the  California  counties  with  the  areas 
Complete  the  graph. 

?f  some 
Scale 

of  our  Eastern  states. 

.  2000  square  miles 

Area  in  Square 
Miles 

20,175 

111! 
1  ,(  'I     1 

1       II       1 

Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  .     .     . 

18,905 

8,003 

8,266 

5-95° 

4.96S 

Butte  County 

1,698 

Rhode  Island 

1,248 

75 


WHAT  I  KNOW  ABOUT  MY  COUNTY 

1.    I   live  in  County.    It  is  in  the  

natural  region  of  California  and  embraces  parts  of  


natural  regions. 


2.  L'se  the  scale  of  miles  on  the  map  in  the  front  of  this  book.    My  county  is  about 

miles  wide  and miles  long.    According  to  page  78  it  has  an  area  of square 

miles  and  a  population  of It  ranks in  size  and 

in  population  among  the  counties  of  California. 

3.  The  county  seat  is Some  of  the  important  cities  and  towns  in 

the   county  are 

Put  a  cross  (x)  after  the  name  of  every  city  and  town  that  is  on  a  paved  state  or  county  highway. 

4.  The  following  are  important  farm  products  raised  in  my  county :  


5.  The  following  railroads  pass  through  my  county : 


6.  The  products  of  my  county  can  be  transported  to  other  places  in  the  following  ways : 


7.  The  important  minerals  found  in  my  county  are 


8.  The  leading  manufactured  products  of  my  county  are 


9.  The  following  high  schools  are  located  in  my  county : 


10.  The  county  library  system  of  California  leads  the  world  in  library  service  to  people  living  outside 
the  cities.  The  county  library  supplies  books,  periodicals,  and  other  materials  to  communities  throughout 
the  county,  and  books  and  supplementary  materials  to  schools  desiring  the  service.    Is  there  a  county 

library  in  your  county  ?  

76  R 


A  MAP  OF  COUNTY 


PROBLEM 


Draw  a  map  of  your  county  on  this  page.  Show  the  areas  of  land  or  water  surrounding  it,  the  county 
seat,  the  important  towns  and  cities,  the  railroads,  rivers,  paved  highways,  national  forests,  hydroelectric 
power  plants,  and  any  other  features  of  interest. 


77 


AREAS,  POPULATION,  AND  COUNTY  SEATS  OF  CALIFORNIA  COUNTIES 


Coi  sr\ 


Alameda  . 
Alpine      .     .     . 
Amador  . 
Butte  .... 

eras      .     . 
Colusa 

I    ^ta     . 
Del  Norte    .     . 
Kl.lorado 
Fresno     . 
Glenn  .     . 

Humboldt 
Imperial  . 
Inyo  .... 
Kern  .... 
Kings  .  .  . 
Lake  .... 
Lassen 

\ngeles 
Madera     . 
Marin 
Mariposa 
Mendocino   .     . 
Merced        .     . 
Modoc     .     .     . 
Mono 
Monterey 
Napa  .... 
Nevada    . 
Orange         .     . 
Placer  .     . 

Plumas    . 
Riverside       .     . 
Sacramento  . 
San  Benito   . 
San  Bernardino 
San  Diego    .     . 
San  Francisco  . 
San  Joaquin 
San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Mateo   . 
Santa  Barbara  . 
Santa  Clara  . 
Santa  Cruz  .     . 
Shasta      .     .     . 
Sierra      .     .     . 
Siskiyou  . 
Solano 

Sonoma  .  .  . 
Stanislaus  .  . 
Sutter  .  .  . 
Tehama  .  .  . 
Trinity  .  .  . 
Tulare 

Tuolumne     .     . 
Ventura   . 
Yolo    .... 
Yuba  .... 


Land  Area  is 
Square  Miles 


732 

776 

601 

1,698 

1,027 

1,140 

7'4 
1.024 

1-737 
5.95° 
'.337 
3.575 
4,089 

9-99' 
8,003 

•-'59 
1,238 

4,53' 

4."5 

2.1  1  2 

529 

1,463 

3.539 

'.995 

3.823 

3.030 

3.330 

.783 

974 

795 

1,411 

2,593 
7,223 

983 

J.392 

20,175 

4,221 

42 
1,448 

3,334 

447 
2,740 
1,328 

435 
3,858 

923 
6,256 

822 
.,582 

1,45° 
608 
2,925 
3,096 
4,856 
2,190 
1,858 
1,014 
632 


IN    I9IO 


246.  t  3  I 

309 
9,086 

27,3°' 

9, '7' 

7.732 
3'-674 

2.417 

7.492 
75,^57 

7,'72 
33.857 
'3.59' 

6,974 
37,715 
16.230 

5.526 

4,802 

504. '3' 

8,368 

25,114 

3,956 
23,929 
[5,148 

6,191 

2,042 

24,140 

19,800 

'4-955 

34-436 
18.237 

5,259 
34,696 
67,806 

8,041 
56,706 
61,665 
416,912 
50,73' 
'9,383 
26,585 

27.738 

83,539 

26. 1 40 

18,920 

4,098 

18,801 

27-559 
48,394 

-t  ->  -  ->  -> 

-  -■  >  — 

6,328 
1 1. 40 1 

3-30I 
35-440 

9.979 
18,347 
13,926 
10,042 


Population 
in  1920 


344-'77 

243 

7,793 

30,030 

6,183 

9-290 

53,889 

2,759 
6,426 

128,779 

11,853 

37.413 

43.453 

7.03' 

54.843 

22,031 

5.402 

8,507 

936,455 

12,203 

27.342 

2.775 
24, 1 16 

24i579 

5-4-5 

960 

27,980 

20,678 

10,850 

6i,375 

iS,584 

S,68i 

50,297 
91,029 

8,995 

73.40I 

112,248 

506,676 

79.905 
2 1 .893 

36,781 
4',o97 
100,676 
26,269 
13,361 
1,783 
'8,545 
40,602 
52,090 

43,557 
10, 1 1  5 
12.882 

2,55' 
59.03' 

7,768 
28,724 
17.105 
io,375 


Cum  v  Si  at 


Oakland 
Markleeville 

Jackson 
Oroville 

San  Andreas 
Colusa 
M.11  tinez 

cent  City 
Placerville 
Fresno 
Willows 
Eureka 
1.1  Ccntro 
Independence 
Bakersfield 
11 an ford 
Lakeport 
Susan  ville 
Los  Angeles 
Madera 
San  Rafael 
Mariposa 
Ikiah 
Merced 
Uturaa 

1  port 
Salinas 
Napa 

Nevada  City 
Santa  Ana 
Auburn 
Quincy 
Riverside 
Sacramento 
Hollister 
San  Bernardino 
San  Diego 
San  Francisco 
Stockton 
San  Luis  Obispo 
Redwood  City 
Santa  Barbara 
San  Jose 
Santa  Cruz 
Redding 
Downieville 
Yreka 
Fairfield 
Santa  Rosa 
Modesto 
Yuba  City 
Red  Bluff 
Weaverville 
Visalia 
Sonora 
Ventura 
Woodland 
Marysville 


78 


INCORPORATED  PLACES  HAVING  2500  OR  MORE  PEOPLE  IN  1920 


Population 

Population 

Population 

Population 

City  or  Town 

County 

City  or  Town 

County 

in  1910 

in  1920 

in  1910 

in  1920 

Alameda    .     .     . 

Alameda   .     .     . 

23.383 

28,806 

Palo  Alto  .     .     . 

Santa  Clara   . 

4,486 

5,900 

Alhambra  .     .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

5.021 

9,096 

Pasadena  . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

30,291 

45,354' 

Anaheim    .     .     . 

Orange 

2,628 

5,526 

Petaluma  . 

Sonoma    .     .     . 

5,880 

6,226 

Bakersfield     .     . 

Kern    .... 

12,727 

18,638 

Piedmont . 

Alameda   .     .     . 

I,7'9 

4,282 

Benicia 

Solano .... 

2,360 

2,693 

Pittsburg  . 

Contra  Costa 

2,372 

4,715 

Berkeley    .     .     . 

Alameda  .     .     . 

40.434 

56,036 

Pomona    . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

10,207 

13,505 

Brawley     .     .     . 

Imperial    . 

881 

5,389 

Porterville 

Tulare  .... 

2,696 

4,097 

Burbank     . 

Los  Angeles  . 

540 

2,9'3 

Red  Bluff. 

Tehama    . 

3,530 

3,io4 

Burlingame     . 

San  Mateo     .     . 

1,565 

4,107 

Redding    . 

Shasta  .... 

3,572 

2,962 

Calexico     .     .     . 

Imperial    .     .     . 

797 

6,223 

Redlands  . 

San  Bernardino . 

10,449 

9,57' 

Chico    .... 

Butte   .... 

3,75° 

9,339 

Redondo  Beach 

Los  Angeles  . 

2,935 

4,9 '3 

Coalinga     .     .     . 

Fresno      .     .     . 

4,199 

2,934 

Redwood  City 

San  Mateo     .     . 

2,442 

4,020 

Colton  .... 

San  Bernardino . 

3,98° 

4,282 

Richmond 

Contra  Costa 

6,802 

16,843 

Corona .... 

Riverside  . 

3,540 

4,129 

Riverside  . 

Riverside  . 

15,212 

19,341 

Coronado  .     .     . 

San  Diego     .     . 

1,477 

3,289 

Roseville  . 

Placer  .... 

2,608 

4,477 

Daly  City  .     .     . 

San  Mateo     .     . 

3,779 

Sacramento 

Sacramento    .     . 

44,696 

65,908 

Dinuba 

Tulare 

970 

3,400 

Salinas 

Monterey  .     .     . 

3,736 

4,3o8 

Dunsmuir  .     .     . 

Siskiyou    . 

1,719 

2,528 

San  Bernardino 

San  Bernardino . 

12,779 

18,721 

East  San  Diego  . 

San  Diego     . 

4,500 

4,148 

San  Diego     . 

San  Diego     .     . 

39.578 

74,683 

El  Centro  .     . 

Imperial    .     .     . 

1,610 

5,464 

San  Fernando 

Los  Angeles  . 

3,204 

Eureka.     .     .     . 

Humboldt 

11,845 

12,923 

San  Francisco 

San  Francisco     . 

416,912 

506,676 

Fort  Bragg     .     . 

Mendocino     . 

2,408 

2,616 

San  Gabriel  . 

Los  Angeles  . 

2,640 

Fresno  .... 

Fresno       .     .     . 

24,892 

45,086 

San  Jose  . 

Santa  Clara    .     . 

28,946 

39,642 

Fullerton    .     . 

Orange     .     .     . 

1,725 

4,415 

San  Leandro 

Alameda   .     .     . 

3.47' 

5.703 

Gilroy   .... 

Santa  Clara   .     . 

2,437 

2,862 

San  Luis  Obispc 

San  Luis  Obispo 

5.157 

5,895 

Glendale     .     .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

2,746 

13,536 

San  Mateo     . 

San  Mateo     .     . 

4,384 

5,979 

Grass  Valley  .     . 

Nevada     . 

4,520 

4,006 

San  Rafael     . 

Marin  .... 

5.934 

5,5'2 

Hanford     .     .     . 

Kings  .... 

4,829 

5,888 

Sanger      .     . 

Fresno      .     .     . 

2,578 

Hayward    . 

Alameda    . 

2,746 

3,487 

Santa  Ana 

Orange     .     . 

8,429 

15,485 

Hollister    .     .     . 

San  Benito    .     . 

2,308 

2,781 

Santa  Barbara 

Santa  Barbara    . 

11,659 

i9,44i 

Huntington  Park 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

1,299 

4,513 

Santa  Clara   . 

Santa  Clara   .     . 

4,348 

5,220 

Inglewood .     .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

1,536 

3,286 

Santa  Cruz    . 

Santa  Cruz     . 

",  1 46 

10,917 

Lindsay 

Tulare .... 

1,814 

2,576 

Santa  Maria  . 

Santa  Barbara    . 

2,260 

3,943 

Lodi      .... 

San  Joaquin  . 

2,697 

4,850 

Santa  Monica 

Los  Angeles  . 

7,847 

15,252 

Long  Beach    .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

17,809 

55,593 

Santa  Paula  . 

Ventura    .     .     . 

2,2l6 

3.967 

Los  Angeles   .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

3'9,i98 

576,673 

Santa  Rosa    . 

Sonoma     . 

7,817 

8,758 

Madera      .     .     . 

Madera     .     .     . 

2,404 

3,444 

Sausalito  . 

Marin  .... 

2,383 

2,790 

Martinez    .     .     . 

Contra  Costa 

2,115 

3,858 

Selma  .     .     . 

Fresno       .     .     . 

1,75° 

3.I58 

Marysville       .     . 

Yuba    .... 

5,430 

5,461 

South  Pasadena 

Los  Angeles  . 

4,649 

7,652 

Merced      .     .     . 

Merced     .     .     . 

3,102 

3,974 

S.  San  Francisco 

San  Mateo     . 

1,989 

4,4" 

Mill  Valley     .     . 

Marin  .... 

2,55i 

2.554 

Stockton  .     .     . 

San  Joaquin  . 

23,253 

40,296 

Modesto     .     .     . 

Stanislaus.     .     . 

4,034 

9.241 

Taft     .     .     . 

Kern     .... 

300 

3,317 

Monrovia  . 

Los  Angeles  . 

3,576 

5,480 

Tulare  . 

Tulare  .... 

2,758 

3,539 

Monterey  .     .     . 

Monterey .     .     . 

4,923 

5,479 

Turlock    .     . 

Stanislaus 

1,573 

3,394 

Monterey  Park    . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

4,108 

Upland     .     . 

San  Bernardino . 

2,384 

2,912 

Napa    .... 

Napa    .... 

5,79i 

6,757 

Vallejo      .     . 

Solano       .     .     . 

n,34o 

21,107 

National  City 

San  Diego     .     . 

',733 

3. "6 

Venice.     .     . 

Los  Angeles  . 

3,"9 

10,385 

Needles      .     .     . 

San  Bernardino . 

2,807 

Ventura    . 

Ventura    .     .     . 

2,945 

4,342 

Oakland     .     .     . 

Alameda   .     .     . 

150,174 

216,261 

Visalia . 

Tulare .... 

4,55o 

5,753 

Ontario      .     .     . 

San  Bernardino . 

4,274 

7,280 

Watsonville   . 

Santa  Cruz    . 

4,446 

5,oi3 

Orange      .     .     . 

Orange     .     .     . 

2,920 

4,884 

Watts  .     .     . 

Los  Angeles  .     . 

1,922 

4,529 

Oroville     .     .     . 

Butte   .... 

3,859 

3.340 

Whittier    .     . 

Los  Angeles  . 

4.550 

7,997 

Oxnard 

Ventura    .     .     . 

2,555 

4.4' 7 

Woodland 

Yolo     .... 

3,i87 

4.147 

Pacific  Grove .     . 

Monterey .     .     . 

2,384 

2,974 

1890 
1900 


POPULATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  FROM   1890  TO   1920 


1,213,398 

1,485,053 


i9'° 2,377,549 

1920 3,426,861 


79 


POPULATION  AND  AREA  OF  EACH  STATE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 


State 

ARE 

Pon  1 

State 

Si.'UARE 

1  ATION 

State 

Square 

Population 

Miles 

IN  1920 

Miles 

IN    1920 

Miles 

in   1920 

Alabama  . 

5L998 

2.34s-' 74 

Louisiana     . 

48.506 

i,798>5°9 

Ohio  .... 

4 1 .040 

5,759.394 

ina    . 

"3-956 

334.162 

Maine     . 

33,040 

;'.S,oi4 

Oklahoma    .     . 

70,057 

2,02s, JS3 

Arkansas  . 

53-335 

1.752.204 

Maryland     .      . 

[  ,449,661 

Oregon  .     .     . 

96,699 

783,389 

rnia 

'    V 

3,426,861 

Massachusetts  . 

•■356 

Pennsylvania   . 

45,126 

8,720,017 

Colorado  . 

103,948 

939.629 

Michigan     . 

57,9«o 

3,668,412 

Rhode  Island   . 

1,248 

604,397 

Connecticut 

1,380,631 

Minnesota   . 

2,387,125 

South  Carolina 

30,989 

1,683.724 

Delaware . 

2,37° 

223,003 

Mississippi  . 

46,865 

1,791 

South  Dakota  . 

77,615 

636,547 

District  of 

Missouri 

69,420 

3,404,055 

Tennessee   . 

42,022 

2,337,885 

Columbia 

70 

437,57" 

Montana     .     . 

1 46,997 

548,889 

Texas     .     .    - 

265,896 

4,663,228 

Florida 

58,666 

968,470 

Nebraska     . 

77,520 

1,296,372 

..... 

84,990 

449.396 

Georgia 

59.265 

Nevada  .     .     . 

1 1 0,690 

77,407 

\  ei  mont 

9,564 

352,428 

Idaho  .     . 

83,888 

431,866 

New  Hampshire 

9,34" 

443.o83 

Virginia, 

42,6 

2,309,187 

Illinois 

56,665 

5,280 

New  Jersey 

, 

3,i55.9oo 

Washington 

69,127 

1.356,621 

Indiana     . 

36,354 

2,930,39° 

New  Mexico    . 

122,634 

360,350 

West  Virginia . 

24,170 

1,463,701 

Iowa    . 

56,147 

2,404,021 

New  York  . 

49,204 

10,385,227 

Wisconsin   . 

56,066 

2,632,067 

Kansas 

82,158 

1,769,257 

North  Carolina 

52. -1  '" 

2,559,"23 

Wyoming     .      . 

97,9'4 

194,402 

Kentucky  . 

40,598 

2,416,630 

North  Dakota 

70,837 

646,872 

POPULATION  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDRED  LARGEST  CITIES  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  1920 


ClTV 


Akron,  Ohio     .... 
Albany,  New  York     .     . 
Allentown,  Pennsylvania 
Atlanta,  Georgia    .     •     . 
Baltimore,  Mary  land  .     . 
Bayonne,  New  Jersey     . 
Birmingham,  Alabama    . 
Boston,  Massachusetts    . 
Bridgeport,  Connecticut 
Buffalo,  New  York     .     . 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts 
Camden,  New  Jersey 
Canton,  Ohio    . 
Chicago,  Illinois 
Cincinnati.  Ohio 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Columbus,  Ohio 
Dallas,  Texas   . 
Dayton,  Ohio    . 
Denver,  Colorado 
Des  Moines,  Iowa 
1  letroit,  Michigan      .     . 
Duluth,  Minnesota     . 
Elizabeth.  New  Jersey 
Kl  l'aso,  Texas      .     .     . 
Erie,  Pennsylvania     . 
Evansville,  Indiana    . 
Fall  River,  Massachusetts 
Flint,  Michigan      .     .     . 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana 
Fort  Worth,  Texas    . 

id  Rapids,  Michigan 
llarrisburg,  Pennsylvania 
Hartford,  Connecticut     . 


Population 


208,435 

"3.344 

78,890 

200,616 

733,826 

76,754 
1  78,806 
748,060 
"43-555 
5o6,775 
109,694 
1 16,309 

87,091 
2,701,705 
401,247 
796,841 
237,031 
158,976 

152,559 

256.4,11 

1  26,468 

993,678 

98,9' 7 

95,783 

77,56o 

102,093 

85,264 

120,485 

91,599 
86,549 

101 

137-''' 1 

75-9'7 

138,036 


City 


Houston,  Texas     .     . 
Indianapolis,  Indiana 
Jacksonville,  Florida  . 
Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 
Kansas  City,  Kansas  . 
Kansas  City,  Missouri 
Knoxvillc,  Tennessee 
Lawrence,  Massachusetts 
Los  Angeles,  California 
Louisville,  Kentucky  . 
Lowell,  Massachusetts 
Lynn,  Massachusetts  . 
Manchester,  New  Hampshire 
Memphis,  Tennessee . 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota 
Nashville,  Tennessee  . 
Newark,  New  Jersey  . 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts 
New  Haven,  Connecticut 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana  . 
New  York,  New  York     . 
Norfolk,  Virginia  .     .     . 
Oakland,  California    .     . 
Oklahoma  City,  Oklahoma 
Omaha,  Nebraska .     .     . 
l'.iterson,  New  Jersey 
I', ■' iria,  Illinois  .... 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 
Portland,  Oregon  .     .     . 
Providence,  Rhode  Island 
Reading,  Pennsylvania    . 
Richmond,  Virginia    . 


Popul.m  ion 


138,276 

3'4,194 

9l,55S 

298,103 

101,177 

324.410 

77-81.8 

94,270 

576,673 

234,89' 

112,759 

-I'M    18 

78,384 

162,351 

457-147 

38o,5S2 
118,342 

414.524 
121,217 
162,537 

387,219 

5,620,048 

H5,777 
216,261 

91,295 
191,601 

'35,875 

76,121 

',823,779 

588,343 
258,288 

237,595 
107,784 
171,667 


City 


Rochester,  New  York  . 
St.  Joseph,  Missouri     . 
St.  Louis,  Missouri  . 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah    . 
San  Antonio,  Texas 
San  Diego,  California  . 
San  Francisco,  California 
Savannah,  Georgia  .     . 
Schenectady,  New  York 
Scranton,  Pennsylvania 
Seattle,  Washington 
Sioux  City,  Iowa      .     . 
Somerville,  Massachusetts 
South  Bend,  Indiana     . 
Spokane,  Washington  . 
Springfield,  Massachusetts 
Syracuse,  New  York    . 
Tacoma,  Washington    . 
Toledo,  Ohio  .... 
Trenton,  New  Jersey    . 
Troy,  New  York 
Tulsa,  Oklahoma      .     . 
1  "tk. 1,  New  York     .     . 
Washington, 

District  of  Columbia 
Waterbury,  Connecticut 
Wichita,  Kansas.     .     . 
Wilkes- Barre,  Pennsylvania 
Wilmington,  Delaware. 
Worcester,  Massachusetts 
Yonkers,  New  York 
Youngstown,  Ohio  .     . 


Population 


295,750 
77,939 

234,698 
118,110 

l6l,379 
74,683 

506,676 
83,252 

88.723 
137,783 
3'5,3'2 

71.227 

93,091 
70,983 

io4,437 
129,614 

171,717 
96,965 

243,164 

1 19,289 

72,013 

72,075 

94.156 

437,57' 
91>715 

72,217 

73,833 
1 10,168 

179,754 
100,176 

132,358 


80 


THE  TEACHING  OF  GEOGRAPHY 

By  Mendel  E.  Branom,  Department  of  Geography,  Harris  Teachers  College,  St.  Louis,  and  Fred 
K.  Branom,  Department  of  Geography,  Chicago  Normal  College 

The  "  new  geography  "  emphasizes  interpretation  as  well  as  facts.  This  is  the 
basis  for  "  The  Teaching  of  Geography,"  which  shows  how  the  work  may  be  re- 
lated to  the  child's  interest  and  experiences  and  may  be  so  motivated  that  he  will 
attack  the  problems  whole-heartedly. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  STUDIES 

By  Nelue  B.  Allen 

The  New  Europe  United  States  North  America  South  America 

Asia  Africa,  Australia,  and  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific 

These  books  for  study  and  reading  for  the  upper  grades  furnish  valuable 
material,  sure  to  arouse  the  interest  of  young  pupils.  They  vividly  picture  the 
life;  especially  the  industrial  life,  of  the  countries  treated. 

PRACTICAL  MAP  EXERCISES  IN  GEOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY 

By  Wallace  W.  Atwood,  Nellie  B.  Allen,  and  Edward  K.  Robinson 
Eastern  Hemisphere  Western  Hemisphere 

To  accompany  the  grammar-school  course  in  geography.  The  pupil  draws  the 
whole  of  each  map  by  a  patented  tracing  device.  Directions  for  place  locations 
and  geography  games  are  included. 

CHILDREN  OF  OTHER  LANDS  —  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES 

By  Nelue  B.  Allen  and  Edward  K.  Robinson 

Instruction  in  geography  and  language  work  through  reading,  drawing  pictures, 
and  filling  in  words.    For  the  third  or  fourth  year. 

GINN  AND  COMPANY  :  PUBLISHERS 


This  hock  ia  DUB  "ii  liif  tail  date  stamped  below 


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